{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T17:27:42Z","timestamp":1793467662833,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":261,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Helicobacter pylori is a gastric oncopathogen that infects over half of the world\u2019s human population. It is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, helix-shaped bacterium that is equipped with flagella, which provide high motility. Colonization of the stomach is asymptomatic in up to 90% of people but is a recognized risk factor for developing various gastric disorders such as gastric ulcers, gastric cancer and gastritis. Invasion of the human stomach occurs via numerous virulence factors such as CagA and VacA. Similarly, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play an important role in H. pylori pathogenicity as a means to adapt to the epithelial environment and thereby facilitate infection. While some OMPs are porins, others are adhesins. The epithelial cell receptors SabA, BabA, AlpA, OipA, HopQ and HopZ have been extensively researched to evaluate their epidemiology, structure, role and genes. Moreover, numerous studies have been performed to seek to understand the complex relationship between these factors and gastric diseases. Associations exist between different H. pylori virulence factors, the co-expression of which appears to boost the pathogenicity of the bacterium. Improved knowledge of OMPs is a major step towards combatting this global disease. Here, we provide a current overview of different H. pylori OMPs and discuss their pathogenicity, epidemiology and correlation with various gastric diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13050392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T12:27:11Z","timestamp":1715171231000},"page":"392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Proteins and Virulence Factors: Potential Targets for Novel Therapies and Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8225-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Sedarat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular & Molecular Research Centre, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord 8813833435, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7342-8348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Taylor-Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Gia Lam District, Hanoi 67000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 1904, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02617-0","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori in North and South America before Columbus","volume":"517","author":"Yamaoka","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.331.7520.795","article-title":"Nobel prize is awarded to doctors who discovered H pylori","volume":"331","author":"Watts","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14547-3","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori virulence factors\u2014One part of a big picture","volume":"362","author":"Hocker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, D., Zhang, Y., Gong, W., Mohamed, S.O., Ogbomo, H., Wang, X., Liu, Y., and Quan, Z. 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