{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T18:32:09Z","timestamp":1770229929144,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012752","name":"Elanco Animal Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["205235 10300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["205235 10300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pradofloxacin\u2014a dual-targeting fluoroquinolone\u2014is the most recent approved for use in food animals. Minimum inhibitory and mutant prevention concentration values were determined for pradofloxacin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, marbofloxacin, tildipirosin, tilmicosin, and tulathromycin. For M. haemolytica strains, MIC50\/90\/100 values were \u22640.016\/\u22640.016\/\u22640.016 and MPC50\/90\/100 values were 0.031\/0.063\/0.063; for P. multocida strains, the MIC50\/90\/100 values \u22640.016\/\u22640.016\/0.031 and MPC50\/90\/100 \u2264 0.016\/0.031\/0.063 for pradofloxacin. The pradofloxacin Cmax\/MIC90 and Cmax\/MPC90 values for M. haemolytica and P. multocida strains, respectively, were 212.5 and 53.9 and 212.5 and 109.7. Similarly, AUC24\/MIC90 and AUC24\/MPC90 for M. haemolytica were 825 and 209.5, and for P. multocida, they were 825 and 425.8. Pradofloxacin would exceed the mutant selection window for &gt;12\u201316 h. Pradofloxacin appears to have a low likelihood for resistance selection against key bovine respiratory disease bacterial pathogens based on low MIC and MPC values.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13050399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T10:31:16Z","timestamp":1715250676000},"page":"399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparative Minimum Inhibitory and Mutant Prevention Drug Concentrations for Pradofloxacin and Seven Other Antimicrobial Agents Tested against Bovine Isolates of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3396-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph M.","family":"Blondeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Ophthalmology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shantelle D.","family":"Fitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal University Hospital and Saskatchewan Health Authority, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-022-01086-1","article-title":"Understanding the mechanisms of viral and bacterial coinfections in bovine respiratory disease: A comprehensive literature review of experimental evidence","volume":"53","author":"Gaudino","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. 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