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Despite the associated toxicity and adverse effects, Meglumine antimoniate (MA) remains the first-choice treatment for CL in Brazil, pressing the need for the development of better alternatives. Bacterial NanoCellulose (BNC), a biocompatible nanomaterial, has unique properties regarding wound healing. In a previous study, we showed that use of topical BNC + systemic MA significantly increased the cure rate of CL patients, compared to treatment with MA alone. Herein, we performed a study comparing the combination of a wound dressing (BNC or placebo) plus systemic MA versus systemic MA alone, in CL caused by Leishmania braziliensis. We show that patients treated with the combination treatment (BNC or placebo) + MA showed improved cure rates and decreased need for rescue treatment, although differences compared to controls (systemic MA alone) were not significant. However, the overall time-to-cure was significantly lower in groups treated with the combination treatment (BNC+ systemic MA or placebo + systemic MA) in comparison to controls (MA alone), indicating that the use of a wound dressing improves CL treatment outcome. Assessment of the immune response in peripheral blood showed an overall downmodulation in the inflammatory landscape and a significant decrease in the production of IL-1a (p &lt; 0.05) in patients treated with topical BNC + systemic MA. Our results show that the application of wound dressings to CL lesions can improve chemotherapy outcome in CL caused by L. braziliensis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13050416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T06:44:31Z","timestamp":1715841871000},"page":"416","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Improved Treatment Outcome Following the Use of a Wound Dressings in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Lesions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pedro B.","family":"Borba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamile","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, HUPES-UFBA, Salvador 40110-060, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tain\u00e3","family":"Lago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, HUPES-UFBA, Salvador 40110-060, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Ara\u00fajo-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER Initiative), Salvador 41720-200, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Translacional (IPCT), UniFTC, Salvador 41720-200, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artur T. L.","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER Initiative), Salvador 41720-200, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica e Translacional (IPCT), UniFTC, Salvador 41720-200, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hernane S.","family":"Barud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de BioPol\u00edmeros e Biomateriais, Uniara, Araraquara 14801-340, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5033-1666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, HUPES-UFBA, Salvador 40110-060, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"INCT\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais, Salvador 40110-040, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-6171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo R. L.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, HUPES-UFBA, Salvador 40110-060, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"INCT\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais, Salvador 40110-040, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2697-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar M.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, HUPES-UFBA, Salvador 40110-060, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"INCT\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais, Salvador 40110-040, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7868-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila I.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, BA, Brazil"},{"name":"INCT\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais, Salvador 40110-040, BA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2023, December 18). 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