{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:14:14Z","timestamp":1789154054684,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Mauritius","award":["RSP2024R218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R218"]}]},{"name":"Mauritius Research and Innovation Council","award":["RSP2024R218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R218"]}]},{"name":"King Saud University","award":["RSP2024R218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R218"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Fusarium species, a group of economically destructive phytopathogens, are poorly studied in Mauritius where agriculture holds much significance. Furthermore, the increasing popularity of organic farming has prompted interest in alternatives to chemical fungicides. Methods: After gaining an overview of Fusarium prevalence in Mauritius fields through a survey, the pathogen was isolated from infected crops and identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. Methanol and water extracts were then prepared from Melia azedarach, Ocimum gratissimum, cinnamon and cloves before determining their phytochemical profiles. Additionally, the antioxidant and antifungal effects of different concentrations of aqueous extracts were assessed. Results: The isolate was confirmed as Fusarium oxysporum, and cloves inhibited its growth by up to 100%, especially at 60 and 90 g\/L, with the results being significantly higher than those of the synthetic fungicide mancozeb. Over 50% inhibition was also noted for cinnamon and Ocimum gratissimum, and these effects could be linked to the flavonoids, phenols and terpenoids in the extracts. Conclusion: This study presented the aqueous extracts of cloves, cinnamon and Ocimum gratissimum as potential alternatives to chemical fungicides. It also confirmed the prevalence of Fusarium infection in Mauritius fields, thereby highlighting the need for additional studies on the pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13060436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T10:00:11Z","timestamp":1716372011000},"page":"436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antioxidant and Antifungal Properties of Cinnamon, Cloves, Melia azedarach L. and Ocimum gratissimum L. Extracts against Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Infected Vegetables in Mauritius"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8563-957X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Jeewon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, R\u00e9duit 80837, Mauritius"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaan B.","family":"Pudaruth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, R\u00e9duit 80837, Mauritius"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5819-9687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishwakalyan","family":"Bhoyroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, R\u00e9duit 80837, Mauritius"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1809-1014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aadil Ahmad","family":"Aullybux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, R\u00e9duit 80837, Mauritius"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunhiraman C.","family":"Rajeshkumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Gr., MACS Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411 004, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3761-6656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulwahed Fahad","family":"Alrefaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bahram, M., and Netherway, T. (2022). Fungi as Mediators Linking Organisms and Ecosystems. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 46.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuab058"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.FUNK-0052-2016","article-title":"Fungal Diversity Revisited: 2.2 to 3.8 Million Species","volume":"5","author":"Hawksworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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