{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:26:49Z","timestamp":1790389609480,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Research Productivity\u2014CNPQ","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["312037\/2022-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312037\/2022-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Balantioides coli is a ciliated protist that can cause dysentery in humans, pigs and nonhuman primates and may have the potential for zoonotic transmission. Its diagnosis is routinely performed through conventional parasitological techniques, and few studies have used culturing techniques to isolate it, applying molecular tools for the characterization of this protozoan. Thus, the objective of this study was to confirm B. coli diagnosis using molecular tools and to characterize the genetic variants of this parasite isolated from pigs kept on family farms in Brazil using three different culture media that differed in the serum added. Fecal samples from pigs were inoculated in Pavlova medium plus coconut water (PC), fetal bovine serum (PB) and horse serum (PH). Of the 127 samples positive for forms compatible with the phylum Ciliophora, 31 were selected for isolation. The most successful medium for isolation was PB 19\/31 (61.3%), followed by PH 18\/31 (58.1%) and PC 11\/31 (35.5%). Of the nucleotide sequences generated, 20 were classified as genetic variant type B0, two as A1 and 15 as A0. The results indicated that PC, despite having allowed the isolation of B. coli for a short period, was not an adequate medium for the maintenance of this parasite in vitro, therefore requiring improvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13060476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T11:48:50Z","timestamp":1717501730000},"page":"476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Phylogenetic Characterization of Balantioides coli Isolated in the Pavlova Culture Medium Supplemented with Coconut Water and Animal Serum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Camila Souza Carvalho","family":"Class","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, 101, S\u00e3o Domingos, Niter\u00f3i 24210-130, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds Lisboa","family":"Corr\u00eaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, 101, S\u00e3o Domingos, Niter\u00f3i 24210-130, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiana Batalha","family":"Knackfuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zootecnia e Estat\u00edstica, Universidade do Grande Rio, Professor Jos\u00e9 de Souza Herdy Street, 1160, Jardim Vinte e Cinco de Agosto, Duque de Caxias 25071-202, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Regina Reis","family":"Amendoeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protozoology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foudation, Brazil Avenue, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9034-8606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Ponce","family":"Gordo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultat de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5007-1339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alynne da Silva","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Parasitology Department, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, 101, S\u00e3o Domingos, Niter\u00f3i 24210-130, RJ, Brazil"},{"name":"Protozoology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institut, Oswaldo Cruz Foudation, Brazil Avenue, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Lui, D. 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