{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:22:15Z","timestamp":1777526535573,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FOPER-UAQ","award":["FOPER-2021-FCN02499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOPER-2021-FCN02499"]}]},{"name":"FOPER-UAQ","award":["766645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["766645"]}]},{"name":"CONAHCyT","award":["FOPER-2021-FCN02499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOPER-2021-FCN02499"]}]},{"name":"CONAHCyT","award":["766645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["766645"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Babesiosis is a growing concern due to the increased prevalence of this infectious disease caused by Babesia protozoan parasites, affecting various animals and humans. With rising worries over medication side effects and emerging drug resistance, there is a notable shift towards researching babesiacidal agents. Antimicrobial peptides, specifically cathelicidins known for their broad-spectrum activity and immunomodulatory functions, have emerged as potential candidates. Aquiluscidin, a cathelicidin from Crotalus aquilus, and its derivative Vcn-23, have been of interest due to their previously observed antibacterial effects and non-hemolytic activity. This work aimed to characterize the effect of these peptides against three Babesia species. Results showed Aquiluscidin\u2019s significant antimicrobial effects on Babesia species, reducing the B. bigemina growth rate and exhibiting IC50 values of 14.48 and 20.70 \u03bcM against B. ovata and B. bovis, respectively. However, its efficacy was impacted by serum presence in culture, and it showed no inhibition against a B. bovis strain grown in serum-supplemented medium. Conversely, Vcn-23 did not demonstrate babesiacidal activity. In conclusion, Aquiluscidin shows antibabesia activity in vitro and its efficacy is affected by the presence of serum in the culture medium. Nevertheless, this peptide represents a candidate for further investigation of its antiparasitic properties and provides insights into potential alternatives for the treatment of babesiosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13060496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T10:08:43Z","timestamp":1718014123000},"page":"496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antiparasitic Evaluation of Aquiluscidin, a Cathelicidin Obtained from Crotalus aquilus, and the Vcn-23 Derivative Peptide against Babesia bovis, B. bigemina and B. ovata"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1730-4916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin Esa\u00fa","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Arvizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"},{"name":"PhD Program in Natural Sciences, Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0042-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masahito","family":"Asada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medcine, Inadacho, Nishi 2-13, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin-Ichiro","family":"Kawazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medcine, Inadacho, Nishi 2-13, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6033-5431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Agust\u00edn","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5300-6834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Morales-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldo J.","family":"Pav\u00f3n-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Le\u00f3n-\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Carpio y Plan de Ayala S\/N, C.P. 11340, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1521-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Rivas-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Unit Zacatecas-Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas 98053, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8892-6390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Mosqueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Vaccine Research Laboratory, Natural Sciences College, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.032","article-title":"Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis","volume":"180","author":"Suarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Veter. 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