{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:10:53Z","timestamp":1760145053031,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish AIDS Society"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is an increasing public health concern, highlighted by the fact that gonococcus is considered as a \u2018high\u2019-priority pathogen by the WHO for research and development of new therapeutic options. According to the data of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in 2022, the rate of NG infections is the highest recorded since European surveillance of sexually transmitted infections began in 2009. We report a brief description of a patient infected with two different isolates of drug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. N. gonorrhoeae cultures were positive from oropharyngeal and urethral swabs and isolates had different antimicrobial susceptibility. We investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates to six antimicrobials (ceftriaxone, cefixime, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and benzylpenicillin), and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs; mg\/L) were determined using Etest on gonococcal isolates. Oropharyngeal isolate was resistant to azithromycin while urethral was resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. Two different and phylogenetically distinct sequence types of NG isolates were identified. Understanding the dynamics and drivers of resistance spread can provide an improved rationale for antibiotic management, and the level of NG resistance should be monitored closely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13060497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T10:08:43Z","timestamp":1718014123000},"page":"497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["HIV-Negative MSM Infected with Two Different Isolates of Drug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae\u2014Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Martyna","family":"Bia\u0142a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiences, Wroclaw Medical University, 5 Koszarowa Street, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Pencakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211 Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6388-7970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"M\u0105czy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Starzy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, 211a Borowska Street, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7178-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Szetela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Diseases and Acquired Immune Deficiences, Wroclaw Medical University, 5 Koszarowa Street, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"All Saint\u2019s Clinic, Wroclawskie Centrum Zdrowia SP ZOZ, 50-136 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, February 06). Gonorrhoeae. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/gonorrhoea-(neisseria-gonorrhoeae-infection)."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2024, March 15). Gonorrhoea. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2022. Available online: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/gonorrhoea-annual-epidemiological-report-2022."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e478","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00370-1","article-title":"Antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Europe in 2020 compared with in 2013 and 2018: A retrospective genomic surveillance study","volume":"5","author":"Golparian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100743","article-title":"Management of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections in Europe: Towards a differentiated, evidence-based approach","volume":"34","author":"Kenyon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2024, May 29). Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. Screening Recommendations and Considerations Referenced in Treatment Guidelines and Original Sources, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/screening-recommendations.htm."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, May 29). WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: Bacterial Pathogens of Public Health Importance to Guide Research, Development and Strategies to Prevent and Control Antimicrobial Resistance. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240093461."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1086\/383047","article-title":"Rapid sequence-based identification of gonococcal transmission clusters in a large metropolitan area","volume":"189","author":"Martin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1","article-title":"Open-access bacterial population genomics: BIGSdb software, the PubMLST.org website and their applications","volume":"3","author":"Jolley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.10.008","article-title":"Chemsex, risk behaviours and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men in Dublin, Ireland","volume":"52","author":"Glynn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Policy"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054632","article-title":"Comparison of the patterns of chlamydia and gonorrhoea at the oropharynx, anorectum and urethra among men who have sex with men","volume":"98","author":"Tabesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000093","article-title":"Effect of nucleic acid amplification testing on detection of extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydial infections in men who have sex with men sexually transmitted disease clinic patients","volume":"41","author":"Barbee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab071","article-title":"The duration of pharyngeal gonorrhea: A natural history study","volume":"73","author":"Barbee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szetela, B., \u0141api\u0144ski, \u0141., and Giniewicz, K. (2023). Very High Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Treponema pallidum among Low-Risk MSM in an Outpatient Clinic in Wroclaw, Poland in 2019\u20132020. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20032582"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00194","article-title":"Case Report of Urethritis in a Male Patient Infected with Two Different Isolates of Multiple Drug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"4","author":"Gheida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv35658","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v104.35658","article-title":"Two New Strains of Drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a Bisexual Man having Sex with Men in Wroclaw, Poland","volume":"104","author":"Pencakowski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"(2024, May 29). Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. Gonococcal Infections Among Adolescents and Adults, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/gonorrhea-adults.htm."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2023, December 21). Multi-Drug Resistant Gonorrhoea. Last Update: 11 July 2023. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/multi-drug-resistant-gonorrhoea."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Day, M.J., Jacobsson, S., Spiteri, G., Kulishev, C., Sajedi, N., Woodford, N., Blumel, B., van der Werf, M.J., Amato-Gauci, A.J., and Unemo, M. (2022). Significant increase in azithromycin \u201cresistance\u201d and susceptibility to ceftriaxone and cefixime in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in 26 European countries, 2019. BMC Infect. Dis., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07509-w"}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/13\/6\/497\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T14:56:30Z","timestamp":1760108190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/13\/6\/497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens13060497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens13060497","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-0817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]}}}