{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T22:50:42Z","timestamp":1782255042028,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Arthrobotrys species are nematophagous fungi that secrete extracellular nematocidal products (ECP). The individual and combined effects of ECP from Arthrobotrys oligospora (Ao) and A. musiformis (Am) growth in liquid media against Haemonchus contortus L3 (HcL3) were assessed. Methods: The isolation, morphological (MI) and molecular identification (Mol-I), assessment of nematocidal activity (NA) of fungal liquid culture filtrates (LCF) in two liquid media alone and in combination and the myco-compound profile identification (MCP) were performed. Results: The MI suggested that the fungi corresponded to the species Ao and Am. This result was confirmed by PCR analysis followed by sequencing, alignment and a phylogenetic analysis. Likewise, the highest Hc mortalities were 91.4% with individual LCF of Am and 86.2% with those of Ao at the highest concentration (100 mg\/mL) in Czapek-Dox Broth. The combination of both LCF resulted in a similarly high larval mortality with no statistical differences in relation to individual activity (p &gt; 0.05). The MCP showed the presence of alkaloids in both fungi. Coumarins, sterols and saponins were found only in Ao. Main conclusions: Both fungi produced ECP with a high NA that could be identified and assessed in future studies as potential natural anthelmintic compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13060498","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T12:11:00Z","timestamp":1718107860000},"page":"498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessing the In Vitro Individual and Combined Effect of Arthrobotrys oligospora and A. musiformis (Orbiliales) Liquid Culture Filtrates against Infective Larvae of the Sheep Blood-Feeding Nematode Haemonchus contortus (Trichostrongylidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Colinas-Picazo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9595-3573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Mendoza-de Gives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7096-0002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"P\u00e9rez-Anz\u00farez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3512-6012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00e9nesis Andrea","family":"Bautista-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar Jes\u00fas","family":"Delgado-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia 40040, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5499-7449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"Olmedo-Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Helminthology, National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP-SADER, Morelos, Jiutepec 62550, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.02.024","article-title":"Diagnosis, treatment and management of Haemonchus contortus in small ruminants","volume":"93","author":"Besier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. 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