{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:14:07Z","timestamp":1793060047074,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Asklepios Gilead Research Program 2019"},{"name":"K. Karatheodoris Research Fund 2018, University of Patras"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses significant health concerns worldwide, particularly among people living with HIV (PLWHIV), due to an increased risk of chronic infection and progression to cirrhosis in individuals with low CD4 cell counts. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, chronicity potential, and risk factors of HEV infection among PLWHIV in Greece, where data are currently absent. A synchronic multicentric study encompassing five major Greek university hospitals was executed over 24 months, recruiting 696 PLWHIV participants. The prevalence of HEV IgG antibodies was 16.5%, with 8.6% showing evidence of acute HEV infection (HEV IgM). Active viral replication (HEV RNA) was present in 2.3% of the study population. Longitudinal analysis revealed that of the 25 initially anti-HEV IgM-positive individuals, only 3 seroconverted to IgG positivity, and among those with prior HEV RNA positivity (16), none showed evidence of active replication in subsequent tests. Comparative subgroup analysis highlighted the lack of significant differences in HIV-related parameters between HEV seropositive and seronegative individuals. Laboratory evaluations generally showed no significant disparities across most parameters; however, a higher seropositivity for Hepatitis A was observed in the HEV-positive subgroup. Our findings highlight a considerable prevalence of HEV among PLWHIV in Greece, with no observed cases of chronicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13070536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T13:06:40Z","timestamp":1719234400000},"page":"536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Testing Hepatitis E Seroprevalence among HIV-Infected Patients in Greece: The SHIP Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nikolina","family":"Antonopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-1865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Schinas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoi","family":"Kotsiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6503-0284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Tsachouridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5404-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Protopapas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Petrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil C.","family":"Petrakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Despoina","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2967-7156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimosthenis","family":"Tzimotoudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simeon","family":"Metallidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonios","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markos","family":"Marangos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanouil","family":"Barbounakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0255-5926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diamantis P.","family":"Kofteridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Periklis","family":"Panagopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charalambos","family":"Gogos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apostolos","family":"Vantarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4289-9494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Akinosoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal 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