{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T13:57:56Z","timestamp":1787234276926,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Thrasher Research Fund","award":["R01HD102445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD102445"]}]},{"name":"Thrasher Research Fund","award":["KL2TR001424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR001424"]}]},{"name":"Thrasher Research Fund","award":["R01HL116585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL116585"]}]},{"name":"Thrasher Research Fund","award":["MOP-81116-Catherine Limperopoulos"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-81116-Catherine Limperopoulos"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01HD102445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD102445"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["KL2TR001424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR001424"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01HL116585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL116585"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["MOP-81116-Catherine Limperopoulos"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-81116-Catherine Limperopoulos"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["R01HD102445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD102445"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["KL2TR001424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR001424"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["R01HL116585"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL116585"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["MOP-81116-Catherine Limperopoulos"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-81116-Catherine Limperopoulos"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodevelopmental outcomes for preschool-age children in the United States with in utero Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure have not yet been reported. We performed a case-control study to assess whether children exposed in utero to ZIKV have abnormal neurodevelopment at age 4\u20135 years compared to unexposed controls. Thirteen ZIKV-exposed cases that did not have microcephaly or other specific features of congenital Zika syndrome and 12 controls were evaluated between ages 4\u20135 years. Child neurodevelopment was assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Bracken School Readiness Assessment (BSRA), and Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC). Caregivers answered questions on the child\u2019s medical history and family demographics. Cases and controls were evaluated at mean (SD) ages 4.9 (0.3) and 4.8 (0.4) years, respectively. Caregivers reported more behavior and mood problems in cases than controls. MABC scores showed more gross and fine motor coordination difficulties among cases than controls. Controls trended towards higher performance on concepts underlying school readiness on BSRA. Three cases had a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder or global developmental delay. Continued follow-up through school age for children with prenatal ZIKV exposure is needed to understand the impact of in utero ZIKV exposure on motor coordination, cognition, executive function, and academic achievement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13070542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T08:57:50Z","timestamp":1719478670000},"page":"542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preschoolers with Antenatal Zika Virus Exposure Born in the United States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8084-526X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah B.","family":"Mulkey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Corn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4346-0117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meagan E.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Ansusinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert H.","family":"Podolsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8054-5788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Arroyave-Wessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zickler Family Prenatal Pediatrics Institute, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Vezina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiology, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4753-7246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colleen","family":"Peyton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2037-5769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Msall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kennedy Research Center on Intellectual and Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta L.","family":"DeBiasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1947","article-title":"Clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes based on brain imaging studies in a Colombian cohort of children with probable antenatal Zika virus exposure","volume":"113","author":"Daza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3982","article-title":"Characterizing the Pattern of Anomalies in Congenital Zika Syndrome for Pediatric Clinicians","volume":"171","author":"Moore","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7103a1","article-title":"Zika-Associated Birth 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