{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:46:17Z","timestamp":1790725577108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":215,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIAID","award":["R01 AI146342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI146342"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is prominently associated with microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers as well as Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome in adults. Each cell type infected by ZIKV\u2014neuronal cells (radial glial cells, neuronal progenitor cells, astrocytes, microglia cells, and glioblastoma stem cells) and non-neuronal cells (primary fibroblasts, epidermal keratinocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages, and Sertoli cells)\u2014displays its own characteristic changes to their cell physiology and has various impacts on disease. Here, we provide an in-depth review of the ZIKV life cycle and its cellular targets, and discuss the current knowledge of how infections cause neuropathologies, as well as what approaches researchers are currently taking to further advance such knowledge. A key aspect of ZIKV neuropathogenesis is virus-induced neuronal apoptosis via numerous mechanisms including cell cycle dysregulation, mitochondrial fragmentation, ER stress, and the unfolded protein response. These, in turn, result in the activation of p53-mediated intrinsic cell death pathways. A full spectrum of infection models including stem cells and co-cultures, transwells to simulate blood\u2013tissue barriers, brain-region-specific organoids, and animal models have been developed for ZIKV research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13070555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T11:23:55Z","timestamp":1719919435000},"page":"555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Zika Virus Neuropathogenesis\u2014Research and Understanding"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1633-2213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna D.","family":"Metzler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9358-410X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hengli","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S875","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix396","article-title":"Modes of Transmission of Zika Virus","volume":"216","author":"Gregory","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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