{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T00:29:17Z","timestamp":1789086557085,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Selective culling, also known as the \u201ctooth extraction approach\u201d, is a strategy for controlling African swine fever (ASF) by removing only sick and suspect animals instead of the entire herd in Vietnam. This method prioritizes preserving healthy animals, particularly valuable breeding pigs. Despite its implementation in various forms, no standardized protocol based on scientific principles has been established. Farms typically adapt this strategy based on their understanding, which can vary significantly. In implementing of selective culling that is not based on scientific principles, there is a significant risk of spreading the disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the consequences of selective culling as currently implemented in Vietnam. Our analysis on a large sow farm revealed that current practices rely heavily on clinical observations without laboratory confirmations. This approach allows ASF-infected animals to remain on the farm longer, potentially exacerbating the spread of the virus. Thus, selective culling poses a substantial risk by potentially exacerbating the spread of disease. Our findings emphasize that early diagnosis of ASF and systematic removal of infected pigs are critical components for the effective implementation of selective culling strategies and that a high level of fragmentation to minimize contact between animals plays a key role. The optimal approach is to test conspicuous animals and separate them. Under no circumstances should suspect animals be left in the herd for several days before they become severely ill and succumb to the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13070567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T11:30:02Z","timestamp":1720438202000},"page":"567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of Selective Culling as a Containment Strategy for African Swine Fever at a Vietnamese Sow Farm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Bui Thi To","family":"Nga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4597-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agathe","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8861-0919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawin","family":"Padungtod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Representation in Vietnam, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-6707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaas","family":"Dietze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Globig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andriy","family":"Rozstalnyy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tran Minh","family":"Hai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8621-3431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Depner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/af\/vfaa037","article-title":"The Future of the Pig Industry After the Introduction of African Swine Fever into Asia","volume":"10","author":"Woonwong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim. 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