{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:45:56Z","timestamp":1789620356393,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal Australasian College of Physicians Queensland Regional Committee Research Development Grant"},{"name":"Pathology Queensland Study and Education Committee"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is highly genetically recombinant, resulting in significant genomic diversity. Multiple virulence factors have been associated with specific disease presentations. To date, there are limited data relating to genomic diversity and virulence factors associated with melioidosis cases in North Queensland, Australia. Aim: To describe the genetic diversity of B. pseudomallei and identify virulence factors associated with clinical risk factors and patient outcomes. Methods: Whole genome sequencing of clinical isolates was performed and analysed with clinical data obtained from a retrospective melioidosis cohort study. Results: Fifty-nine distinct sequence types (STs) were identified from the 128 clinical isolates. Six STs comprised 64\/128 (50%) isolates. Novel STs accounted for 38\/59 (64%) STs, with ST TSV-13 as the most prevalent (n = 7), and were less likely to possess an LPS A genotype or YLF gene cluster (p &lt; 0.001). These isolates were most likely to be found outside the inner city (aOR: 4.0, 95% CI: 1.7\u20139.0, p = 0.001). ST TSV-13 was associated with increased mortality (aOR: 6.1, 95% CI: 1.2\u201330.9, p = 0.03). Patients with a history of alcohol excess were less likely to be infected by fhaB3 (aOR 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1\u20130.7, p = 0.01) or YLF (aOR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2\u20130.9, p = 0.04) positive isolates. Conclusions: There are a significant number of novel sequence types in Townsville, Australia. An emerging novel ST appears to have an association with geographic location and mortality. Ongoing investigation is required to further understand the impact of this ST on the Townsville region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13070584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T14:15:49Z","timestamp":1721052949000},"page":"584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Genomic Epidemiology of Clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates in North Queensland, Australia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3548-6963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Gassiep","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Hospital Brisbane, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia"},{"name":"Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Chatfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Budi","family":"Permana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delaney","family":"Burnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle J.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thom","family":"Cuddihy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian M.","family":"Forde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Mayer-Coverdale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia"},{"name":"Herston Infectious Diseases Institute, Royal Brisbane and Woman\u2019s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3948-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert E.","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Queensland, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2895-0345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick N. A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00006-19","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-19","article-title":"Human Melioidosis","volume":"33","author":"Gassiep","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stewart, J.D., Smith, S., Binotto, E., McBride, W.J., Currie, B.J., and Hanson, J. (2017). The epidemiology and clinical features of melioidosis in Far North Queensland: Implications for patient management. PLoS Negl. Trop. 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