{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:16:20Z","timestamp":1760145380903,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003993","name":"MAFF (PRIMAFF) Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPJ009417"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPJ009417"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003993","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Equus caballus papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2) is known to cause genital neoplasms in horses. However, reports on EcPV2 in Japan and Asia are limited. Herein, we present the histopathological and virological findings of the first reported case of an EcPV2-associated penile mass in Japan. The patient was a 22-year-old stallion with a history of breeding in Japan and abroad. Histopathological examination contained RNA in situ hybridization targeting the E6\/E7 region and an immunohistochemical approach, and whole-genome sequencing was conducted within the viral examination. Proliferating epidermal cells were observed, and EcPV2 E6\/E7 mRNA was detected within the epidermis, which was interpreted as viral papilloma. The detected EcPV2 virus was genetically close to foreign strains and different from the strain previously reported from a Japanese mare. This suggests that various types of EcPV2 might already exist among horses in Japan. Although the mass reported herein was not malignant based on histopathological findings and the absence of recurrence, its presence on the penis would be an obstacle to breeding. These results provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis and diversity of EcPV2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13070597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T09:14:53Z","timestamp":1721380493000},"page":"597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Histopathological and Virological Findings of a Penile Papilloma in a Japanese Stallion with Equus Caballus Papillomavirus 2 (EcPV2)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4127-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eri","family":"Uchida-Fujii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusei","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0973-2710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takanori","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke 329-0412, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuko","family":"Numasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Yusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Japan Bloodhorse Breeders\u2019 Association Shizunai Stallion Station, 517 Shizunaitahara, Shinhidaka-cho 056-0144, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Haga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection Control and Disease Prevention, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of OSG Veterinary Science for Global Disease Management, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turco, S., Gabbianelli, F., Mavian, C.N., Pietrucci, D., De Paolis, L., Gialletti, R., Mechelli, L., De Ciucis, C.G., Cappelli, K., and Dell\u2019Anno, F. (2023). Genetic Characterization of a Novel Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Isolated from a Thoroughbred Mare. Viruses, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/v15030650"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2010.00311.x","article-title":"Equus Caballus Papillomavirus-2 (EcPV-2): An Infectious Cause for Equine Genital Cancer?","volume":"42","author":"Scase","year":"2010","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2012.02.005","article-title":"EcPV2 DNA in Equine Genital Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Normal Genital Mucosa","volume":"158","author":"Bogaert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2022.105898","article-title":"Papillomaviral Skin Diseases of Humans, Dogs, Cats and Horses: A Comparative Review. Part 2: Pre-Neoplastic and Neoplastic Diseases","volume":"288","author":"Munday","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2017.05.007","article-title":"Papillomavirus Infection and Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Horses","volume":"223","author":"Sykora","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985820941266","article-title":"Prevalence and Prognostic Impact of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection in Equine Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Western Canadian Horses","volume":"57","author":"Greenwood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985820941270","article-title":"Prevalence of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type-2 Infection and Seropositivity in Asymptomatic Western Canadian Horses","volume":"57","author":"Greenwood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810396516","article-title":"Equine Penile Squamous Cell Carcinomas Are Associated with the Presence of Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 Dna Sequences","volume":"48","author":"Knight","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.06.004","article-title":"Comparison of the Levels of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type 2 (EcPV-2) DNA in Equine Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Non-Cancerous Tissues Using Quantitative PCR","volume":"166","author":"Knight","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e193","DOI":"10.1111\/eve.13479","article-title":"Co-Occurrence of Papillomas Related to Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type 2 and Cutaneous Habronemiasis","volume":"34","author":"Vichi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Equine Vet. Educ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985820908797","article-title":"A Subset of Equine Gastric Squamous Cell Carcinomas Is Associated With Equus Caballus Papillomavirus-2 Infection","volume":"57","author":"Alloway","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.2011.00987.x","article-title":"Persistent, Widespread Papilloma Formation on the Penis of a Horse: A Novel Presentation of Equine Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection","volume":"22","author":"Knight","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yamashita-Kawanishi, N., and Haga, T. (2020). Anogenital-Associated Papillomaviruses in Animals: Focusing on Bos Taurus Papillomaviruses. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9120993"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.14405\/kjvr.20240011","article-title":"Penile Neoplasm Associated with Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection in a Miniature Appaloosa","volume":"64","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Korean J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvr.2021.200226","article-title":"Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Associated with Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type 2 Infection in a Japanese Mare","volume":"12","author":"Ito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tumour Virus Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2018.10.015","article-title":"Molecular Detection of Equus Caballus Papillomavirus Type 2 in Genital Swabs From Healthy Horses in the Republic of Korea","volume":"72","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Equine Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.18-0461","article-title":"Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Papilloma Associated with Equus Caballus Papillomavirus 2 in a Horse","volume":"81","author":"Hibi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramsauer, A.S., Wachoski-Dark, G.L., Fraefel, C., Tobler, K., Brandt, S., Knight, C.G., Favrot, C., and Grest, P. (2019). Paving the Way for More Precise Diagnosis of EcPV2-Associated Equine Penile Lesions. BMC Vet. Res., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-2097-0"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans, M.F., Peng, Z., Clark, K.M., Adamson, C.S.-C., Ma, X.-J., Wu, X., Wang, H., Luo, Y., and Cooper, K. (2014). HPV E6\/E7 RNA In Situ Hybridization Signal Patterns as Biomarkers of Three-Tier Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091142"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.13398","article-title":"Genomic Characterisation of Bovine Papillomavirus Types 1 and 2 Identified in Equine Sarcoids in Japan","volume":"53","author":"Chambers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Equine Vet. J."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/13\/7\/597\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:19:28Z","timestamp":1760109568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/13\/7\/597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens13070597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens13070597","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-0817"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]}}}