{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T14:48:43Z","timestamp":1784731723496,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R01AI137679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI137679"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["MED.MCH.19.09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MED.MCH.19.09"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["UIDE-EDM01-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDE-EDM01-2015"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de las Americas, Ecuador","award":["R01AI137679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI137679"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de las Americas, Ecuador","award":["MED.MCH.19.09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MED.MCH.19.09"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de las Americas, Ecuador","award":["UIDE-EDM01-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDE-EDM01-2015"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Ecuador","award":["R01AI137679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI137679"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Ecuador","award":["MED.MCH.19.09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MED.MCH.19.09"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Ecuador","award":["UIDE-EDM01-2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDE-EDM01-2015"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Humans can be infected with anthroponotic (Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus) and with zoonotic (Ancylostoma ceylanicum, A. caninum, A. braziliense, and Uncinaria stenocephala) hookworms from dogs. Anthroponotic species are usually thought not to infect dogs. We used the internal transcribed spacer\u20131 (ITS1) gene in a quantitative PCR to detect anthroponotic and zoonotic hookworm species in fecal samples from 54 children and 79 dogs living in an indigenous community in tropical Northwestern Ecuador. Hookworm DNA was detected in 59.3% of children and 92.4% of dogs. Among samples from children, zoonotic hookworms were detected in 24.1% (A. ceylanicum 14.8%, A. caninum 11.1%, and A. braziliense 1.9%), whilst in dog samples, anthroponotic species were detected in 19.0% (N. americanus 12.4% and A. duodenale 6.3%). Sanger sequencing was performed successfully on 60 qPCR-positive samples (16 from children and 44 from dogs), and consensus sequences were obtained with &gt;98% homology to GenBank references for hookworm spp. Phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between anthroponotic and zoonotic Ancylostoma species and no heterogeneity between A. duodenale and A. caninum; in human samples, we found A. ceylanicum but not A. braziliense sequences and we were unable to identify N. americanus in the dog samples. No infections with U. stenocephala were detected. Our data provide evidence for high rates of hookworm infections in indigenous children and dogs in a marginalized rural setting in coastal Ecuador. We also found evidence for potential cross-transmission of hookworm spp. between humans and dogs that represent a potential domestic reservoir for zoonotic and anthroponotic hookworms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13080609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T10:46:20Z","timestamp":1721817980000},"page":"609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Anthroponotic and Zoonotic Hookworm DNA in an Indigenous Community in Coastal Ecuador: Potential Cross-Transmission between Dogs and Humans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Manuel","family":"Calvopina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Research Group, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Americas (UDLA), Quito 170513, Ecuador"},{"name":"Manuel Calvopina, Universidad de las Americas, V\u00eda a Nay\u00f3n, P.O. Box 17-17-9788, Quito 170124, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayana","family":"Aguilar-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito 170505, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8563-1126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"DeGroot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Cevallos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170129, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7889-3852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gwenyth O","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito 170505, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6887-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Nutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8019-296X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6770-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip J.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito 170505, Ecuador"},{"name":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George\u2019s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasegawa, H., Modry, D., Kitagawa, M., Shutt, K.A., Todd, A., Kalousov\u00e1, B., Profousov\u00e1, I., and Petr\u017eelkov\u00e1, K.J. 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