{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:39Z","timestamp":1787029239762,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2022YFD2401002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD2401002"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2019R1027-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1027-1"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["AC2017-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AC2017-1"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Public-interest Scientific Institutions of Science and Technology Plan Projects of Fujian Province","award":["2022YFD2401002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD2401002"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Public-interest Scientific Institutions of Science and Technology Plan Projects of Fujian Province","award":["2019R1027-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1027-1"]}]},{"name":"Special Fund for Public-interest Scientific Institutions of Science and Technology Plan Projects of Fujian Province","award":["AC2017-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AC2017-1"]}]},{"name":"General Projects of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science","award":["2022YFD2401002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD2401002"]}]},{"name":"General Projects of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science","award":["2019R1027-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1027-1"]}]},{"name":"General Projects of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science","award":["AC2017-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AC2017-1"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Normal University","award":["2022YFD2401002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD2401002"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Normal University","award":["2019R1027-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019R1027-1"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Normal University","award":["AC2017-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AC2017-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scuticociliates are recognized as the causative agents of mass mortalities in certain cultured marine fishes, resulting in enormous economic losses. This study aimed to investigate a fatal infection caused by scuticociliates in farmed large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) in Fujian province, China. Microscopic examinations of focal organs, including the brain, eyes, gills, and skin, revealed the presence of parasites. Active masses of scuticociliates were observed in these organs, and the ciliates were subsequently isolated and maintained in vitro. An immersion challenge experiment revealed that L. crocea experienced cumulative mortalities reaching 73% within 7 d upon exposure to 1.0 \u00d7 104 ciliates mL\u22121. Based on the microscopic and PCR testing of infected fishes, the brain was comprehensively inferred as the main infection organ for the isolated strain. Microscopic and submicroscopic observations of the isolated scuticociliate, coupled with cortical ciliature patterns revealed through \u03b1-tubulin indirect immunofluorescence techniques, identified these scuticociliates as Miamiensis avidus. The sequencing of two genetic markers (small subunit ribosomal RNA, SSU rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) further confirmed that the isolated strains exhibited the highest sequence similarity to most M. avidus sequences in GenBank. However, significant differences in SSU sequences compared to the M. avidus strain Ma\/2, and the lack of published COI and ITS (internal transcribed spacer) sequences for Ma\/2, indicate the need for further molecular data to resolve whether there are potential cryptic species within the M. avidus complex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13080618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T06:17:44Z","timestamp":1721974664000},"page":"618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Miamiensis avidus, a Novel Scuticociliate Pathogen Isolated and Identified from Cultured Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nengfeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4386-0687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zifeng","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binfu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Ningde 352115, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Public Service Platform for Industrialization Development Technology of Marine Biological Medicine and Product of State Oceanic Administration, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bureau of Fisheries of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, and National Fisheries Technology Extension Center & China Society of Fisheries (2023). 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