{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:45:54Z","timestamp":1792251954449,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: War in Ukraine prompted an enormous refugee influx into Europe, including approximately 4200 people with HIV. The unique healthcare features of Ukrainian refugees living with HIV were compared between two infectious disease departments in Bonn, Germany, and Szczecin, Poland. Methods: This is a retrospective study on 161 people living with HIV (PLWH) refugees from Ukraine seeking care in Bonn (n = 30) and Szczecin (n = 131) between April 2022 and May 2023. Demographic, virologic, immunologic, and coinfection data were analyzed. Results: The majority of the studied individuals were female: 64% (n = 84) in Szczecin and 60% (n = 18) in Bonn. The main HIV transmission mode was heterosexual sex in 73.5% (n = 114). All were on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on arrival, primarily on the TLD regimen (TDF\/3TC\/DTG) (68.4%, n = 106). In Germany, cART was most frequently switched to BIC\/TAF\/FTC in 83.4% (n = 25); in Poland, the most common combination was TDF\/FTC + DTG (58%, n = 76). A prevalence of replicating hepatitis C was in 11.7% (n = 15), and that for chronic hepatitis B (HBV) was in 4.7% (n = 4). History of past tuberculosis was reported in 16.9% (n = 14, Poland, and n = 7, Germany). Follow-up after 6 months showed immunological reconstitution with a mean increase of CD4+ of 10 (IQR: \u221269.5\u2013120.5) cells\/\u00b5L in Poland and 51.5 (IQR: \u221222.5\u2013135.5) cells\/\u00b5L in Germany; p = 0.04. Virologic suppression (&lt;40 HIV-RNA\/mL) was high in care entry (n = 62; 98%) for Poland, and n = 26 (92.6%) for Germany, and suppression was achieved in the majority of patients in the 6-month control (89.7% in Poland vs. 95.7% in Germany). Conclusions: Health challenges posed by war migration extend beyond HIV to coinfections as HBV, HCV, and tuberculosis give an indication for a broader search for coinfections, often less common in the new country.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13080621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T13:04:59Z","timestamp":1721999099000},"page":"621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["HIV Care in Ukrainian Migrants in Two European Countries: All the Same?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kathrin","family":"van Bremen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonn University Hospital, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi\u0142osz","family":"Parczewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Acquired Immunodeficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Provincial Hospital, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8794-3612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malte","family":"Monin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonn University Hospital, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Leszczyszyn-Pynka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Provincial Hospital, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schlabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonn University Hospital, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franciszek","family":"Lenkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Acquired Immunodeficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malwina","family":"Karasi\u0144ska-Cie\u015blak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Acquired Immunodeficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Provincial Hospital, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Christian","family":"Wasmuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonn University Hospital, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Witak-J\u0119dra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Provincial Hospital, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Breitschwerdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonn University Hospital, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen K.","family":"Rockstroh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonn University Hospital, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0248-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmytro","family":"Zhyvytsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Provincial Hospital, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Boesecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonn University Hospital, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Chober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Acquired Immunodeficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Provincial Hospital, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-3737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogusz","family":"Aksak-W\u0105s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonn University Hospital, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Acquired Immunodeficiency, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Immune Deficiency, Provincial Hospital, 71-455 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad116","article-title":"Clinical Perspective on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Care of Ukrainian War Refugees in Poland","volume":"76","author":"Parczewski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad058","article-title":"Circulation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 A6 Variant in the Eastern Border of the European Union-Dynamics of the Virus Transmissions Between Poland and Ukraine","volume":"76","author":"Serwin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"(2023, September 30). Ukraine|UNAIDS. Available online: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/ukraine."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2023, September 30). Poland|UNAIDS. Available online: https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/poland."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"(2023, September 30). RKI\u2014Epidemiologisches Bulletin. Available online: https:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/Infekt\/EpidBull\/AktuelleAusgaben\/Ausgaben_table_2023.html."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2021.105180","article-title":"Clinical parameters, selected HLA and chemokine gene variants associated with late presentation into care of people living with HIV\/AIDS","volume":"97","author":"Chober","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13210","article-title":"The association between hepatitis B virus infection and nonliver malignancies in persons living with HIV: Results from the EuroSIDA study","volume":"23","author":"Mocroft","year":"2022","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13212","article-title":"HCV reinfection after HCV therapy among HIV\/HCV-coinfected individuals in Europe","volume":"23","author":"Amele","year":"2022","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2023, May 21). EACS Guidelines 2022\u2014EACS Guidelines. Available online: https:\/\/eacs.sanfordguide.com\/."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000003038","article-title":"Comparative Clinical Outcomes with Scale-up of Dolutegravir as First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Ukraine","volume":"91","author":"Dumchev","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01827-6","article-title":"Implementation of EACS vaccination recommendations among people living with HIV","volume":"50","author":"Breitschwerdt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e438","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00125-4","article-title":"Unified European support framework to sustain the HIV cascade of care for people living with HIV including in displaced populations of war-struck Ukraine","volume":"9","author":"Vasylyev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/13\/8\/621\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:24:15Z","timestamp":1760109855000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/13\/8\/621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens13080621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens13080621","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]]}}}