{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:39:15Z","timestamp":1788993555737,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000974","name":"Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AH\/2015\/003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AH\/2015\/003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000974","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotype VII (GVII) is becoming the predominant strain of NDV in the poultry industry. It causes high mortality even in vaccinated chickens with a common NDV genotype II vaccine (GII-vacc). To overcome this, the killed GVII vaccine has been used to prevent NDV outbreaks. However, the debate about vaccine differences remains ongoing. Hence, this study investigated the difference in chickens\u2019 responses to the two vaccines at the molecular level. The spleen transcriptomes from vaccinated chickens reveal that GVII-vacc affected the immune response by downregulating neuroinflammation. It also enhanced a synaptogenesis pathway that operates typically in the nervous system, suggesting a mechanism for the neurotrophic effect of this strain. We speculated that the down-regulated immune system regulation correlated with protecting the nervous system from excess leukocytes and cytokine activity. In contrast, GII-vacc inhibited apoptosis by downregulating PERK\/ATF4\/CHOP as part of the unfolded protein response pathway but did not affect the expression of the same synaptogenesis pathway. Thus, the application of GVII-vacc needs to be considered in countries where GVII is the leading cause of NDV outbreaks. The predicted molecular signatures may also be used in developing new vaccines that trigger specific genes in the immune system in combating NDV outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13080638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T15:25:23Z","timestamp":1722353123000},"page":"638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["mRNA Profiling and Transcriptomics Analysis of Chickens Received Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype II and Genotype VII Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2574-6231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Putri","family":"Pandarangga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departemen Klinik, Reproduksi, dan Patologi, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Kedokteran Hewan, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang 85001, Indonesia"},{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8692-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phuong Thi Kim","family":"Doan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick","family":"Tearle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0749-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wai Yee","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5465-980X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanh Thi Hong","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niluh Indi","family":"Dharmayanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4572-8869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farhid","family":"Hemmatzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5371, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rushton, J., and Gilbert, W. 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