{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:31:54Z","timestamp":1792801914785,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)","award":["AP24VSD&B000C010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP24VSD&B000C010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and Rift Valley fever (RVF) are among the list of emerging zoonotic diseases that require special attention and priority. RVF is one of the six priority diseases selected by the Senegalese government. Repeated epidemic episodes and sporadic cases of CCHF and RVF in Senegal motivated this study, involving a national cross-sectional serological survey to assess the distribution of the two diseases in this country throughout the small ruminant population. A total of 2127 sera from small ruminants (goat and sheep) were collected in all regions of Senegal. The overall seroprevalence of CCHF and RVF was 14.1% (IC 95%: 12.5\u201315.5) and 4.4% (95% CI: 3.5\u20135.3), respectively. The regions of Saint-Louis (38.4%; 95% CI: 30.4\u201346.2), Kolda (28.3%; 95% CI: 20.9\u201335.7), Tambacounda (22.2%; 95% CI: 15.8\u201328.6) and K\u00e9dougou (20.9%; 95% CI: 14.4\u201327.4) were the most affected areas. The risk factors identified during this study show that the age, species and sex of the animals are key factors in determining exposure to these two viruses. This study confirms the active circulation of CCHF in Senegal and provides important and consistent data that can be used to improve the surveillance strategy of a two-in-one health approach to zoonoses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13080689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T03:49:36Z","timestamp":1723693776000},"page":"689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Large-Scale Serological Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus in Small Ruminants in Senegal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7233-5676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie Cicille Ba","family":"Gahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l\u2019Elevage et de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7718-2349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gorgui","family":"Diouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l\u2019Elevage et de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ndjibouy\u00e9","family":"Ciss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l\u2019Elevage et de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4816-9812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamadou","family":"Ciss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l\u2019Elevage et de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Bordier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l\u2019Elevage et de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal"},{"name":"Centre de Coop\u00e9ration Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement (CIRAD), UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mbengu\u00e9","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l\u2019Elevage et de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6794-4426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mame Thierno","family":"Bakhoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l\u2019Elevage et de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamadou Lamine","family":"Djiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l\u2019Elevage et de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0332-6159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrie","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LifeStock International, 550 Fortson Rd., Athens, GA 30606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonto","family":"Faburay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66505, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5061-4391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assane Gueye","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l\u2019Elevage et de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5674-7790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Modou Moustapha","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut S\u00e9n\u00e9galais de Recherches Agricoles, Laboratoire National de l\u2019Elevage et de Recherches V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaires (ISRA-LNERV), Dakar-Hann BP 2057, Senegal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0648-y","article-title":"Climate change: An enduring challenge for vector-borne disease prevention and control","volume":"21","author":"Dubrow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. 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