{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:41:26Z","timestamp":1792024886334,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"public grant \u201cFrance 2030\u201d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-23-IAHU-0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-IAHU-0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Specific Diagnostic","award":["ANR-23-IAHU-0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-23-IAHU-0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As bloodstream infections and associated septic shock are common causes of mortality in hospitals, rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) performed directly on positive blood cultures is needed to implement an efficient therapy in clinical settings. We evaluated the Reveal\u00ae rapid AST system on a collection of 197 fully characterized carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, including 177 carbapenemase producers (CPE) spiked in blood culture bottles. The clinical categorization based on the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination of eighteen antimicrobial molecules was compared to the clinical categorization based on the disk diffusion assay as a reference. The Reveal AST system provided results within a mean time to result of 5 h. Overall, the categorical agreement (CA) between the two techniques was 94.1%. The rates of very major errors (VMEs), major errors (MEs) and minor errors (mEs) were 3.8%, 3.7% and 5.6%, respectively. Imipenem was the antimicrobial with the lowest CA rate (78.7%), with rates of 15% VMEs and 10.7% MEs, but the performances were better when considering only the non-CPE category (CA of 89%). On this resistant collection of Enterobacterales with numerous acquired \u03b2-lactamases, the Specific Reveal assay proved to be useful for a rapid determination of AST compatible with a quick adaptation of the patient\u2019s antimicrobial treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13090722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T03:51:06Z","timestamp":1724730666000},"page":"722","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of the Reveal\u00ae AST (SPECIFIC) for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing from Positive Blood Culture Spiked with Carbapenem-Resistant Isolates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7698-2798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delphine","family":"Girlich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u201cResist\u201d UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8223-2213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agn\u00e8s B.","family":"Jousset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u201cResist\u201d UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Bic\u00eatre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Emeraud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u201cResist\u201d UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Bic\u00eatre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Rezzoug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u201cResist\u201d UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Bic\u00eatre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reece","family":"Burwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specific Diagnostic, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pragya","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specific Diagnostic, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Next Gen Diagnostics, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9937-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Naas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u201cResist\u201d UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Bic\u00eatre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00e9my A.","family":"Bonnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u201cResist\u201d UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Bic\u00eatre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6596-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Dortet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u201cResist\u201d UMR1184 Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB), INSERM, Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Saclay University, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Bacteriology-Hygiene Unit, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris, Bic\u00eatre Hospital, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Sepsis Incidence and Mortality, 1990-2017: Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"395","author":"Rudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12195","article-title":"Overall Burden of Bloodstream Infection and Nosocomial Bloodstream Infection in North America and Europe","volume":"19","author":"Goto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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