{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:26:28Z","timestamp":1787243188738,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Extension Unit and Experimental Unit","award":["4833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4833"]}]},{"name":"University of Life Sciences from Timisoara","award":["4833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4833"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pathogenic Leptospira spp. causes leptospirosis in animals and humans globally, leading to systemic infections that can impact vital organs in affected animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate kidney injury and to perform a retrospective analysis of leptospirosis infection in follow-up dog samples. The retrospective study collected epidemiological information obtained through paraclinical exams, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and molecular biology (qPCR) of cases from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara between September 2016 and May 2023. No correlations were found between Leptospira infection and breed (p = 0.714), gender or castration status (p = 0.890), and anatomic pathology exam results (p = 0.608). Significant associations were found in cases with high levels of azotemia (p = 0.000) and immunological status (vaccinated vs. unvaccinated, p = 0.000), with the leptospirosis risk in unvaccinated animals calculated at OR = 85.500 (95%CI, 6.82\u20131071.26, p = 0.000). Retrospectively, leptospirosis was diagnosed in 27\/65 cases (42%) using the IHC method, while the qPCR assay detected 29\/65 cases (45%). This study demonstrates that qPCR is a robust and specific method for postmortem diagnosis of Leptospira spp. infection in dogs, offering higher specificity and reliability compared to traditional IHC methods, which showed 94.74% specificity in our study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13090792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T11:04:33Z","timestamp":1726139073000},"page":"792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diagnostic Pathways of Leptospira spp. in Dogs with Kidney Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0594-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioan","family":"Hutu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Horia Cernescu<\/i> Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cRegele Mihai I\u201d, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oana Maria","family":"Boldura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Horia Cernescu<\/i> Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cRegele Mihai I\u201d, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1153-6498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iasmina","family":"Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Horia Cernescu<\/i> Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cRegele Mihai I\u201d, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9519-8122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorin Aurelian","family":"Pasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1270-0728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina Andreea","family":"Dragoescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences \u201cRegele Mihai I\u201d, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8420-0090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radu Valentin","family":"Gros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Horia Cernescu<\/i> Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cRegele Mihai I\u201d, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7664-4302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca Cornelia","family":"Lungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Horia Cernescu<\/i> Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cRegele Mihai I\u201d, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei","family":"C\u0103lug\u0103ri\u021b\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Horia Cernescu<\/i> Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cRegele Mihai I\u201d, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5734-0071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornel","family":"Balt\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aurel Ardelean Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u0103lin","family":"Mircu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Horia Cernescu<\/i> Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cRegele Mihai I\u201d, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian Constantin","family":"Stancu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<i>Horia Cernescu<\/i> Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences \u201cRegele Mihai I\u201d, 300645 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"324","article-title":"Retrospective Immunohistochemical Detection of Leptospira in Dogs with Renal Pathology","volume":"9","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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