{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T19:57:31Z","timestamp":1776801451404,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]],"date-time":"2024-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2021R1I1A3043691"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2021R1I1A3043691"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is a cattle infection causing hoof lesions and lameness, with treponemes as key pathogens. We analyzed the metabolic activity of Treponema phagedenis and Treponema pedis using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry for organic acids (OAs), amino acids (AAs), and fatty acids (FAs), and high-performance liquid chromatography for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Key findings include a 61.5% reduction in pyruvic acid in T. pedis and 81.0% in T. phagedenis. 2-hydroxybutyric acid increased by 493.8% in T. pedis, while succinic acid increased by 31.3%, potentially supporting T. phagedenis. Among AAs, glycine was reduced by 97.4% in T. pedis but increased by 64.1% in T. phagedenis. Proline increased by 76.6% in T. pedis but decreased by 13.6% in T. phagedenis. Methionine and glutamic acid were competitively utilized, with methionine reduced by 41.8% in T. pedis and 11.9% in T. phagedenis. Both species showed significant utilization of palmitic acid (reduced by 82.8% in T. pedis and 87.2% in T. phagedenis). Butyric acid production increased by 620.2% in T. phagedenis, and propionic acid increased by 932.8% in T. pedis and 395.6% in T. phagedenis. These reveal metabolic interactions between the pathogens, contributing to disease progression and offering insights to BDD pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13090796","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T11:36:37Z","timestamp":1726486597000},"page":"796","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Metabolic Footprint of Treponema phagedenis and Treponema pedis Reveals Potential Interaction Towards Community Succession and Pathogenesis in Bovine Digital Dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9051-1995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hector M.","family":"Espiritu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0885-0627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edeneil Jerome P.","family":"Valete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1866-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lovelia L.","family":"Mamuad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8124-8945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myunghwan","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man-Jeong","family":"Paik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang-Suk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong-Il","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon-si 57922, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lubbe, A., Bowen, B.P., and Northen, T. 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