{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:56:38Z","timestamp":1783641398608,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), in the framework of BRIC 2019 project","award":["Bando BRIC 2019_ID11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Bando BRIC 2019_ID11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ixodes ricinus ticks are ubiquitous in Europe, including in North-East Italy. These ticks are important vectors of several zoonotic pathogens of public health relevance. In this study, the habitat suitability range of I. ricinus ticks infected with zoonotic pathogens was predicted in North-East Italy, and relevant spatial predictors were identified. In 2015\u20132021, ticks were collected at 26 sampling sites in the study area. The collected ticks were screened for the presence of pathogens using PCR assays. For Borrelia, Rickettsia and Anaplasma\/Ehrlichia species, data allowed for ecological niche modelling using Maxent. Environmental determinants potentially related to tick habitat suitability were used as model inputs. Predicted suitable habitat distributions revealed hotspots of the probability of pathogen presence in I. ricinus ticks mainly in the central and upper parts of the study area. Key environmental predictors were temperature, rainfall and altitude, and vegetation index for specific pathogens (Rickettsia and Anaplasma\/Ehrlichia species). Increased risk of exposure to tick-borne pathogens upon tick bites in the predicted hotspot areas can, therefore, be expected. This provides useful information for public health risk managers in this and other similar regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13100836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]],"date-time":"2024-09-27T07:49:24Z","timestamp":1727423364000},"page":"836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Habitat Suitability of Ixodes ricinus Ticks Carrying Pathogens in North-East Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5026-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maartje","family":"Huitink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6560-4839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myrna","family":"de Rooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5004-5763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Montarsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Vittoria","family":"Salvati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5459-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Obber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4935-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graziana","family":"Da Rold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Sgubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2369-8467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Mazzotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1290-3154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"di Martino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4019-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Mazzucato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 10, 35020 Legnaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5136-7406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano","family":"Salata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli, 63, 35121 Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1743-7893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Vonesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6690-0069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Tomao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers\u2019 Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lapo","family":"Mughini-Gras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2018.08.008","article-title":"Tick-borne pathogens in removed ticks Veneto, northeastern Italy: A cross-sectional investigation","volume":"26","author":"Beltrame","year":"2018","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-328","article-title":"Ticks infesting humans in Italy and associated pathogens","volume":"7","author":"Otranto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertola, M., Montarsi, F., Obber, F., Da Rold, G., Carlin, S., Toniolo, F., Porcellato, E., Falcaro, C., Mondardini, V., and Ormelli, S. (2021). Occurrence and Identification of Ixodes ricinus Borne Pathogens in Northeastern Italy. Pathogens, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10091181"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30034","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2015.20.40.30034","article-title":"Tick-borne encephalitis in north-east Italy: A 14-year retrospective study, January 2000 to December 2013","volume":"20","author":"Rezza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06564-11","article-title":"Factors driving the abundance of Ixodes ricinus ticks and the prevalence of zoonotic I. ricinus-borne pathogens in natural foci","volume":"78","author":"Acevedo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.07.022","article-title":"Saturation deficit and deer density affect questing activity and local abundance of Ixodes ricinus (Acari, Ixodidae) in Italy","volume":"183","author":"Tagliapietra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2112-x","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of the tick Ixodes ricinus in northern Europe: Epidemiological implications","volume":"10","author":"Cayol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-1","article-title":"Driving forces for changes in geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus ticks in Europe","volume":"6","author":"Medlock","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101686","article-title":"Geographic distribution and modeling of ticks in the Republic of Korea and the application of tick models towards understanding the distribution of associated pathogenic agents","volume":"12","author":"John","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Namgyal, J., Lysyk, T.J., Couloigner, I., Checkley, S., Gurung, R.B., Tenzin, T., Dorjee, S., and Cork, S.C. (2021). Identification, Distribution, and Habitat Suitability Models of Ixodid Tick Species in Cattle in Eastern Bhutan. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis., 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/tropicalmed6010027"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-238","article-title":"Ixodes ricinus abundance and its infection with the tick-borne pathogens in urban and suburban areas of Eastern Slovakia","volume":"6","author":"Stanko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06666-8","article-title":"Research paper on abiotic factors and their influence on Ixodes ricinus activity\u2014Observations over a two-year period at several tick collection sites in Germany","volume":"119","author":"Gethmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101489","article-title":"Ticks climb the mountains: Ixodid tick infestation and infection by tick-borne pathogens in the Western Alps","volume":"11","author":"Krawczyk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-38.3.361","article-title":"Distribution, abundance, and habitat preferences of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in northern Spain","volume":"38","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-61","article-title":"Occurrence and identification of risk areas of Ixodes ricinus-borne pathogens: A cost-effectiveness analysis in north-eastern Italy","volume":"5","author":"Capelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2726-7","article-title":"Ticks are more suitable than red foxes for monitoring zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in northeastern Italy","volume":"11","author":"Ravagnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.02.007","article-title":"The impact of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus on public health","volume":"98","author":"Mertens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Manilla, G. (1998). Acari, Ixodida (Fauna d\u2019Italia 36), Calderini."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Cringoli, G., Iori, A., Rinaldi, L., Veneziano, V., and Genchi, C. (2005). Mappe Parassitologiche: Zecche, Rolando Editore."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(02)00168-3","article-title":"Development of a quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay with internal control for the laboratory detection of tick borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) RNA","volume":"27","author":"Schwaiger","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol. Off. Publ. Pan Am. Soc. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"(2022, February 13). Bioclimatic Variables\u2014WorldClim 1 Documentation. Available online: https:\/\/www.worldclim.org\/data\/bioclim.html."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"(2021, October 01). Corine Land Cover, (n.d.). Available online: https:\/\/land.copernicus.eu\/en\/products\/corine-land-cover."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazzucato, M., Marchetti, G., Barbujani, M., Mulatti, P., Fornasiero, D., Casarotto, C., Scholamacchia, F., Manca, G., and Ferre, N. (2023). An integrated system for the management of environmental data to support veterinary epidemiology. Front. Vet. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1069979"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Phillips, S.J., Dud\u00edk, M., and Schapire, R.E. (2022, February 13). Maxent Software for Modelling Species Niches and Distributions (Version 3.4.1). Available online: http:\/\/biodiversityinformatics.amnh.org\/open_source\/maxent\/."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Phillips, S.J. (2022, February 13). A Brief Tutorial on Maxent. Available online: http:\/\/biodiversityinformatics.amnh.org\/open_source\/maxent\/."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"R Core Team (2020). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Available online: https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"RStudio Team (2019). RStudio: Integrated Development for R, RStudio Inc.. Available online: http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102309","article-title":"Ticks infected with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV): A decision approach systematic review and meta-analysis regarding their role as vectors","volume":"47","author":"Nasirian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2024.121944","article-title":"The effect of forest structural complexity on tick-borne pathogens in questing ticks and small mammals","volume":"562","author":"Vanroy","year":"2024","journal-title":"For. Ecol. Manag."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Jacobs, D., Fox, M., Gibbons, L., and Hermosilla, C. (2015). Principles of Veterinary Parasitology, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.09.015","article-title":"Factors affecting relative humidity and its relationship with the long-term variation of fog-haze events in the Yangtze River Delta","volume":"193","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Kraetzig, N.M. (2022, March 23). 5 Things to Know about NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) UP42. Available online: https:\/\/up42.com\/blog\/tech\/5-things-to-know-about-ndvi."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.04.015","article-title":"Effects of Climate and Climate Change on Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases: Ticks Are Different","volume":"32","author":"Ogden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2019.745","article-title":"Towards improved, cost-effective surveillance of ixodes ricinus ticks and associated pathogens using species distribution modelling","volume":"14","author":"Signorini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Geospat. Health"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-39.3.485","article-title":"Geographical Information Systems and Bootstrap Aggregation (Bagging) of Tree-Based Classifiers for Lyme Disease Risk Prediction in Trentino, Italian Alps","volume":"39","author":"Rizzoli","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1890\/ES13-00066.1","article-title":"MaxEnt versus MaxLike: Empirical comparisons with ant species distributions distributions","volume":"4","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecosphere"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker, D.H. (2017). Rickettsiae. Int. Encycl. Public Health, 370\u2013377.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803678-5.00387-8"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2015.07.004","article-title":"Borrelia burgdorferi Pathogenesis and the Immune Response","volume":"35","author":"Petzke","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snowden, J., Bartman, M., Kong, E.L., and Simonsen, K.A. (2014). Ehrlichiosis. Encycl. Neurol. Sci., 1070\u20131071.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385157-4.00355-9"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, J., and Zhang, X. (2020). Ecology, Epidemiology and Global Public Health Burden of Tick-Borne Diseases. Transmission Dynamics Tick-Borne Diseases with Co-Feeding, Developmental and Behavioural Diapause, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-54024-1"},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"(2022, January 31). Directive 2000\/54\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on the Protection of Workers from Risks Related to Exposure to Biological Agents at Work (Seventh Individual Directive within the Meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive, (n.d.). Available online: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX%3A32000L0054."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"(2022, January 31). Seasonal Changes and Vector Borne Diseases-POFT IE. Available online: https:\/\/www.protectourfuturetoo.com\/en-ie\/seasonal-changes-and-vector-borne-diseases\/."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wood, S.N. (2017). Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R, Chapman and Hall\/CRC. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315370279"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venables, W.N., and Ripley, B.D. (2002). Modern Applied Statistics with S, Springer. [4th ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-21706-2"},{"key":"ref_45","unstructured":"Wei, T., and Simko, V. (2022, February 13). R Package \u2018Corrplot\u2019: Visualization of a Correlation Matrix (Version 0.92). Available online: https:\/\/github.com\/taiyun\/corrplot."},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Hijmans, R.J. (2022, February 13). Raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling. R Package Version 3.4-10. Available online: https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=raster."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham, H. (2016). Ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, Springer. [2nd ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4_9"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gondard, M., Delannoy, S., Pinarello, V., Aprelon, R., Devillers, E., Galon, C., Pradel, J., Vayssier-Taussat, M., Albina, E., and Moutailler, S. (2020). Upscaling the Surveillance of Tick-Borne Pathogens in the French Caribbean Islands. Pathogens, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9030176"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1627-x","article-title":"Novel Borrelia species detected in echidna ticks, Bothriocroton concolor, in Australia","volume":"9","author":"Loh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michelet, L., Delannoy, S., Devillers, E., Umhang, G., Aspan, A., Juremalm, M., Chirico, J., van der Wal, F.J., Sprong, H., and Boye Pihl, T.P. (2014). High-throughput screening of tick-borne pathogens in Europe. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2014.00103"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1111.041195","article-title":"Tickborne pathogen detection, Western Siberia, Russia","volume":"11","author":"Rar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.173.5.1576-1589.1991","article-title":"Genotypic identification of rickettsiae and estimation of intraspecies sequence divergence for portions of two rickettsial genes","volume":"173","author":"Regnery","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.040603","article-title":"Spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsioses in humans, South Korea","volume":"11","author":"Choi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"760","article-title":"A fatal case of human babesiosis in Portugal: Molecular and phylogenetic analysis","volume":"8","author":"Parreira","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Monteil, V., Salata, C., Appelberg, S., and Mirazimi, A. (2020). Hazara virus and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus show a different pattern of entry in fully-polarized Caco-2 cell line. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008863"}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/13\/10\/836\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:04:51Z","timestamp":1760112291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/13\/10\/836"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens13100836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens13100836","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,27]]}}}