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Clinically, it presents in two distinct phases, acute and chronic. The ability of patients to respond to Trypanosoma cruzi infection depends on the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, in which cytokines play a key regulatory role. In this review, we discuss the role of cytokines in regulating the host response and as mediators of cardiac injury by inducing profibrotic alterations. The importance of characterizing cytokine profiles as biomarkers of the evolution of cardiac damage in T.-cruzi-infected individuals is also emphasized.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13100870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]],"date-time":"2024-10-03T07:59:59Z","timestamp":1727942399000},"page":"870","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Functions of Cytokines in the Cardiac Immunopathogenesis of Chagas Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mariana Citlalli","family":"de Alba-Alvarado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8639-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarita","family":"Cabrera-Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5603-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar","family":"Zenteno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8490-5293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paz Mar\u00eda","family":"Salazar-Schetino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7464-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha Irene","family":"Bucio-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiolog\u00eda y Parasitolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"National Autonomous University of Mexico (2006). 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