{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T16:27:24Z","timestamp":1783700844113,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","award":["5\/13\/23\/2019\/NCD-III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/13\/23\/2019\/NCD-III"]}]},{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","award":["27(0323)\/17\/EMR-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27(0323)\/17\/EMR-II"]}]},{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","award":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-331"]}]},{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research","award":["5\/13\/23\/2019\/NCD-III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/13\/23\/2019\/NCD-III"]}]},{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research","award":["27(0323)\/17\/EMR-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27(0323)\/17\/EMR-II"]}]},{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research","award":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-331"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India","award":["5\/13\/23\/2019\/NCD-III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/13\/23\/2019\/NCD-III"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India","award":["27(0323)\/17\/EMR-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27(0323)\/17\/EMR-II"]}]},{"name":"Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India","award":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-331"]}]},{"name":"DST-FIST","award":["5\/13\/23\/2019\/NCD-III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/13\/23\/2019\/NCD-III"]}]},{"name":"DST-FIST","award":["27(0323)\/17\/EMR-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27(0323)\/17\/EMR-II"]}]},{"name":"DST-FIST","award":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-331"]}]},{"name":"UGC","award":["5\/13\/23\/2019\/NCD-III"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5\/13\/23\/2019\/NCD-III"]}]},{"name":"UGC","award":["27(0323)\/17\/EMR-II"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27(0323)\/17\/EMR-II"]}]},{"name":"UGC","award":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INT\/RUS\/RFBR\/P-331"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The onset of malaria causes the induction of various inflammatory markers in the host\u2019s body, which in turn affect the body\u2019s homeostasis and create several cerebral complications. Polarization of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from the classically activated M1 to alternatively activated M2 phenotype increases the secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules. Treatment with recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) not only alters this MDSC\u2019s polarization but also targets the glycolysis pathway of the metabolism in MDSCs, rendering them less immunosuppressive. Along with that, the Helper T-cells subset 17 (Th17)\/T regulatory cells (Tregs) ratio is skewed towards Th17, which increases inflammation by producing more IL-17. However, treating with rIL-33 also helps to restore this ratio, which brings back homeostasis. During malaria infection, there is an upregulation of IL-12 production from dendritic cells along with a distorted myeloid dendritic cells (mDC)\/plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) ratio towards mDCs promoting inflammation. Administering rIL-33 will also subvert this IL-12 production and increase the population of pDC in the host\u2019s immune system during malaria infection, thus restoring mDC\/pDC to homeostasis. Therefore, treatment with rIL-33 to reduce the pro-inflammatory signatures and maintenance of immune homeostasis along with the increase in survivability could be a potential therapeutic approach for cerebral malaria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13100877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T12:02:10Z","timestamp":1728388930000},"page":"877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Administration of rIL-33 Restores Altered mDC\/pDC Ratio, MDSC Frequency, and Th-17\/Treg Ratio during Experimental Cerebral Malaria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Saikat","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pronabesh","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soubhik","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anirban","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinksa Institutet, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samrat","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rimbik","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atreyee","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sriparna","family":"Bawali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altamas Hossain","family":"Daptary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwesha","family":"Gangopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarun","family":"Keswani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunological and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arindam","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organizatio (2023). 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