{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T14:13:07Z","timestamp":1783606387874,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)\u2019s Research and Training Grant AAU\u2014SLU program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brucellosis is a neglected zoonotic disease affecting livestock and humans that remains endemic in Ethiopia. Despite its prevalence, only a few studies have identified Brucella species circulating in livestock in the country. This study aimed to determine the Brucella species responsible for infections in livestock in the Afar region of Ethiopia and characterize the isolates using whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis and in silico multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Comparisons were made between Ethiopian Brucella and regional and global isolates to determine their phylogenetic relationships. Surveys conducted in May and October\u2013November 2022 in six villages of the Amibara district involved the collection of vaginal swabs (n = 231) and milk samples (n = 17) from 32 sheep and 199 goats kept by 143 pastoral households reporting recent abortions in the animals. Brucella melitensis was detected in three sheep and 32 goats, i.e., 15% (35\/231) of animals across 20% (29\/143) of households using bacterial culture and PCR-based methods (bcsp31, AMOS, and Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR). Of the 35 positive animals, B. melitensis was isolated from 24 swabs, while the remaining 11 were culture-negative and detected only by PCR. The genomic DNA of the 24 isolates was sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 6000 and assembled using the SPAdes pipeline. Nine- and 21-locus MLST identified 23 isolates as genotype ST12, while one isolate could not be typed. The wgSNP-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Ethiopian isolates clustered within the African clade and were closely related to isolates from Somalia. Several virulence factors responsible for adhesion, intracellular survival, and regulatory functions were detected in all isolates. No antimicrobial resistance genes associated with resistance to drugs commonly used for treating brucellosis were detected. Since B. melitensis is prevalent in sheep and goats, vaccination with the B. melitensis Rev-1 vaccine is the recommended strategy in these pastoral systems to protect animal and human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13121063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T04:01:29Z","timestamp":1733198489000},"page":"1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Detection and Molecular Diversity of Brucella melitensis in Pastoral Livestock in North-Eastern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7625-9030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berhanu","family":"Sibhat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2998-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haileeyesus","family":"Adamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassahun","family":"Asmare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, Hawassa P.O. Box 05, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna F.","family":"Lindahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Animal Health and Antibiotic Strategies, Swedish Veterinary Agency, 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7087-6820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulf","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7054, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4103-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tesfaye","family":"Sisay Tessema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dean, A.S., Crump, L., Greter, H., Hattendorf, J., Schelling, E., and Zinsstag, J. (2012). Clinical Manifestations of Human Brucellosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS Negl. Trop. 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