{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:00:34Z","timestamp":1787029234190,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007514","name":"University of Pisa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fondi Ateneo 2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fondi Ateneo 2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enteropathogenic (EPEC), necrotoxigenic (NTEC), and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are pathotypes responsible for severe clinical forms in humans and animals. They can be shed in the feces of animals with consequent environmental contamination. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) from oregano (Origanum vulgare), savory (Satureja montana), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and their blend against EPEC, NTEC, and STEC strains previously isolated from avian fecal samples. Minimum inhibitory concentration values between 0.039% and 0.156% were found with O. vulgare EO, between \u22640.0195% and 0.156% with both S. montana and T. vulgaris EOs, and between 0.039% and \u22640.0195% with the blend. The mixture with equal parts of EOs from oregano, savory and thyme seems a promising alternative product to combat pathogenic E. coli strains responsible for environmental contamination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13121077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T04:01:37Z","timestamp":1733716897000},"page":"1077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils from Origanum vulgare, Satureja montana, Thymus vulgaris, and Their Blend Against Necrotoxigenic (NTEC), Enteropathogenic (EPEC), and Shiga-Toxin Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) Isolates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8198-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Cagnoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5292-0613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Bertelloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Research Center \u201cNutraceuticals and Food for Health\u201d (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina Virginia","family":"Ebani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Interdepartmental Research Center \u201cNutraceuticals and Food for Health\u201d (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basavaraju, M., and Gunashree, B.S. 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