{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:42:14Z","timestamp":1792010534367,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":252,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review synthesizes the findings from 252 studies to explore the relationship between the oral pathogens associated with periodontitis, dental caries, and systemic diseases. Individuals with oral diseases, such as periodontitis, are between 1.7 and 7.5 times (average 3.3 times) more likely to develop systemic diseases or suffer adverse pregnancy outcomes, underscoring the critical connection between dental and overall health. Oral conditions such as periodontitis and dental caries represent a significant health burden, affecting 26\u201347% of Americans. The most important oral pathogens, ranked by publication frequency, include the herpes virus, C. albicans, S. mutans, P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, T. denticola, and T. forsythia. The systemic diseases and disorders linked to oral infections, ranked similarly, include cancer, respiratory, liver, bowel, fever, kidney, complications in pregnancy, cardiovascular bacteremia, diabetes, arthritis, autoimmune, bladder, dementia, lupus, and Alzheimer\u2019s diseases. Evidence supports the efficacy of dental and periodontal treatments in eliminating oral infections and reducing the severity of systemic diseases. The substantial burden that oral pathogens have on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer\u2019s, diabetes, and other systemic diseases poses a significant public health crisis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13121084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T10:11:47Z","timestamp":1733739107000},"page":"1084","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Oral Pathogens\u2019 Substantial Burden on Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, Alzheimer\u2019s, Diabetes, and Other Systemic Diseases: A Public Health Crisis\u2014A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9005-1431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter E.","family":"Murray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Coffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, American University of Health Sciences, Signal Hill, CA 90755, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8133-3306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franklin","family":"Garcia-Godoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824564","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1824564","article-title":"The early life education of the immune system: Moms, microbes and (missed) opportunities","volume":"12","author":"Jain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"130","article-title":"Association Between Early Childhood Caries and Colonization with Streptococcus mutans Genotypes From Mothers","volume":"39","author":"Childers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. 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