{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:29:03Z","timestamp":1782487743855,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mosquitoes are well-known vectors for a range of pathogens, including Plasmodium parasites, which cause malaria in reptiles, birds, and mammals [...]<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13121101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T03:51:08Z","timestamp":1734061868000},"page":"1101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Mosquito Microbiota: A Key Player in Vector Competence and Disease Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4714-0305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaidas","family":"Palinauskas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nature Research Centre, Akademijos 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5739-1100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma Kaoutar","family":"Abdelali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research on the Improvement and Development of Animal and Plant Production, University of Ferhat Abbas, Setif 19137, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8660-730X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Cabezas-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire d\u2019Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2023). World Malaria Report 2023, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Garnham, P.C.C. (1966). Malaria Parasites and Other Haemosporidia, Publications Ltd.. Blackwell Scientific."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"CDC (2024, December 06). West Nile Virus. Consult\u00e9 le: 24\/11\/2024. [Enligne], Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/west-nile-virus\/about\/index.html."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santiago-Alarcon, S., and Marzal, A. (2020). Avian Malaria and Related Parasites in the Tropics: Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, Springer International Publishing. Available online: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-030-51633-8.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51633-8"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valkiunas, G. (2004). Avian Malaria Parasites and Other Haemosporidia, CRC Press. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203643792"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Lowe, S., Browne, M., Boudjelas, S., and De Poorter, M. (2000). 100 of the World\u2019s Worst Invasive Alien Species: A Selection from the Global Invasive Species Database, The Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG); University of Auckland (Tamaki Campus)."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2018.08.001","article-title":"Do avian malaria parasites reduce vector longevity?","volume":"28","author":"Figuerola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acosta-Jamett, G., and Chaves, A. (2024). Avian Disease Ecology in the Neotropics. Ecology of Wildlife Diseases in the Neotropics, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-50531-7"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.2307\/1942550","article-title":"The Epizootiology and Ecological Significance of Malaria in Hawaiian Land Birds","volume":"56","author":"Goff","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ecol. Monogr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/procel\/pwad021","article-title":"Impact of the microbiome on mosquito-borne diseases","volume":"14","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Protein Cell"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cansado-Utrilla, C., Zhao, S.Y., McCall, P.J., Coon, K.L., and Hughes, G.L. (2021). The microbiome and mosquito vectorial capacity: Rich potential for discovery and translation. Microbiome, 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01073-2"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garrig\u00f3s, M., Garrido, M., Panisse, G., Veiga, J., and La Puente, J.M.-D. (2023). Interactions between West Nile Virus and the Microbiota of Culex pipiens Vectors: A Literature Review. Pathogens, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12111287"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-2784-x","article-title":"The tripartite interactions between the mosquito, its microbiota and Plasmodium","volume":"11","author":"Gendrin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2019.05.005","article-title":"Curious entanglements: Interactions between mosquitoes, their microbiota, and arboviruses","volume":"37","author":"Caragata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Virol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.12.001","article-title":"Mosquito Microbiota and Implications for Disease Control","volume":"36","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"La Puente, J.M.-D., Guti\u00e9rrez-L\u00f3pez, R., D\u00edez-Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Soriguer, R.C., Moreno-Indias, I., and Figuerola, J. (2021). Effects of Mosquito Microbiota on the Survival Cost and Development Success of Avian Plasmodium. Front. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.562220"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A\u017eelyt\u0117, J., Wu-Chuang, A., \u017diegyt\u0117, R., Platonova, E., Mateos-Hernandez, L., Maye, J., Obregon, D., Palinauskas, V., and Cabezas-Cruz, A. (2022). Anti-Microbiota Vaccine Reduces Avian Malaria Infection Within Mosquito Vectors. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.841835"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s41745-021-00235-3","article-title":"Ecology and Evolution of Avian Malaria: Implications of Land Use Changes and Climate Change on Disease Dynamics","volume":"101","author":"Ishtiaq","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Indian Inst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00646-21","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00646-21","article-title":"Host-Environment Interplay Shapes Fungal Diversity in Mosquitoes","volume":"6","author":"Tawidian","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calle-Tob\u00f3n, A., Holguin-Rocha, A.F., Moore, C., Rippee-Brooks, M., Rozo-Lopez, P., Harrod, J., Fatehi, S., Rua-Uribe, G.L., Park, Y., and Londo\u00f1o-Renter\u00eda, B. (2021). Blood Meals With Active and Heat-Inactivated Serum Modifies the Gene Expression and Microbiome of Aedes albopictus. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.724345"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1700585","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700585","article-title":"Carryover effects of larval exposure to different environmental bacteria drive adult trait variation in a mosquito vector","volume":"3","author":"Dickson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-021-01944-z","article-title":"Microsporidian Infection in Mosquitoes (Culicidae) Is Associated with Gut Microbiome Composition and Predicted Gut Microbiome Functional Content","volume":"85","author":"Trzebny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-146","article-title":"Diversity and function of bacterial microbiota in the mosquito holobiont","volume":"6","author":"Minard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4075","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13741","article-title":"Midgut fungal and bacterial microbiota of Aedes triseriatus and Aedes japonicus shift in response to La Crosse virus infection","volume":"25","author":"Muturi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2012.05759.x","article-title":"Deep sequencing reveals extensive variation in the gut microbiota of wild mosquitoes from K enya","volume":"21","author":"Mbogo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bascu\u00f1\u00e1n, P., Ni\u00f1o-Garcia, J.P., Galeano-Casta\u00f1eda, Y., Serre, D., and Correa, M.M. (2018). Factors shaping the gut bacterial community assembly in two main Colombian malaria vectors. Microbiome, 6.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-018-0528-y"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-024-01123-0","article-title":"Microbial solutions must be deployed against climate catastrophe","volume":"23","author":"Peixoto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/13\/12\/1101\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:54:07Z","timestamp":1760115247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/13\/12\/1101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens13121101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens13121101","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]}}}