{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:06:56Z","timestamp":1790824016941,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["NSTC 111-2313-B-005-052- MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 111-2313-B-005-052- MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Monkeypox (mpox) is a viral infection closely related to smallpox, manifesting as a milder febrile rash in affected individuals. Over the past two decades, the incidence of mpox has surged, possibly linked to a declining immunity against the smallpox vaccine worldwide. Recent outbreaks of mpox in multiple countries have sparked concerns regarding altered transmission patterns and the potential for a global menace. In this article, we present a multidimensional review encompassing the latest scientific discoveries, illuminating the intricate structure of the human mpox virus. Key findings include advancements in understanding the virus\u2019s molecular mechanisms, which highlight its genetic adaptability and potential for zoonotic spillover. Diagnostic innovations, such as improved molecular assays, have enhanced detection accuracy, while novel therapeutic strategies, including antiviral drugs and vaccines, show promise in mitigating outbreaks. Our conclusions emphasize the importance of robust surveillance systems, vaccination programs, and rapid response strategies to curb mpox\u2019s spread. Future recommendations include strengthening global collaboration for zoonotic disease surveillance, advancing the research on host\u2013pathogen interactions, and developing next-generation therapeutics to address this emerging public health threat effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]],"date-time":"2024-12-26T04:31:16Z","timestamp":1735187476000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Comprehensive Insights into Monkeypox (mpox): Recent Advances in Epidemiology, Diagnostic Approaches and Therapeutic Strategies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5682-0938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhanyashri","family":"Guruparan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2696-8437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalimuthu","family":"Karuppanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8310-0546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. J. Senthil","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for General Education, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2024). WHO Director-General Declares Mpox Outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, WHO."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit703","article-title":"Human monkeypox","volume":"58","author":"McCollum","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bunge, E.M., Hoet, B., Chen, L., Lienert, F., Weidenthaler, H., Baer, L.R., and Steffen, R. (2022). The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl. Trop. 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