{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T00:56:58Z","timestamp":1774659418438,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Leptospira is a bacteria responsible for a widespread zoonosis that affects both humans and animals. Leptospirosis is a challenging pathology to diagnose and treat since its signs are unspecific and symptoms vary greatly. The disease seems to be highly prevalent in environments where reservoir animals such as rats and small mammals are common. Even though leptospirosis in humans in Lithuania is rare, it remains a disease of significance in Europe. Information on reservoir animals and prevalence of Leptospira in wild animals in Lithuania is lacking. The aim of this country-wide study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira in wild boars in Lithuania. Hunted animals were collected from ten counties that represented the boar population of the country. The sera of 451 collected boars were evaluated for eight Leptospira serovars using the microscopic agglutination test. Seropositivity was observed in 102 (22.6%) boars. Overall, 194 positive reactions occurred. Boars older than 2 years were affected by more serovars and were more seropositive than younger boars (p &lt; 0.05). The highest number of positive reactions was observed in Panev\u0117\u017eys (87.9%) and Vilnius (69.1%) counties. The results of this study might indicate that the wild boar is a reservoir animal of Leptospira and plays a role in its transmission in Lithuania.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14010085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]],"date-time":"2025-01-16T12:27:54Z","timestamp":1737030474000},"page":"85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Lithuanian Wild Boars (Sus scrofa)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Birut\u0117","family":"Karvelien\u0117","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. L. Kriau\u010deli\u016bnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Stadalien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. L. Kriau\u010deli\u016bnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u016brat\u0117","family":"Rudejevien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. L. Kriau\u010deli\u016bnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1540-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelina","family":"Burbait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. L. Kriau\u010deli\u016bnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"},{"name":"Neurology and Neurosurgery Division, San Marco Veterinary Clinic, 35030 Veggiano, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dalia","family":"Juod\u017eent\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. L. Kriau\u010deli\u016bnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2779-5803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Masiulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. L. Kriau\u010deli\u016bnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u016brat\u0117","family":"Buitkuvien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, 08409 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurgita","family":"\u0160akalien\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, 08409 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gintaras","family":"Zamokas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. L. Kriau\u010deli\u016bnas Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"History of leptospirosis and Leptospira","volume":"Volume 387","author":"Adler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00830-2","article-title":"Leptospirosis: A zoonotic disease of global importance","volume":"3","author":"Bharti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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