{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:07:36Z","timestamp":1791821256642,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023NSFSC1508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC1508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD-02-202210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD-02-202210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82170947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170947"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023NSFSC1508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC1508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD-02-202210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD-02-202210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University","award":["82170947"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82170947"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University","award":["82301060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301060"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University","award":["2023NSFSC1508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023NSFSC1508"]}]},{"name":"Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University","award":["RD-02-202210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD-02-202210"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental caries is the most common oral disease in the world and a chronic infectious disease. The cariogenic microbiome plays an important role in the process of caries. The ecological imbalance of microbiota leads to low pH, which causes caries. Therefore, antibacterial materials have always been a hot topic. Traditional antibacterial materials such as cationic antibacterial agents, metal ion antibacterial agents, and some natural extract antibacterial agents have good antibacterial effects. However, they can cause bacterial resistance and have poor biological safety when used for long-term purposes. Intelligent antibacterial materials, such as pH-responsive materials, nanozymes, photoresponsive materials, piezoelectric materials, and living materials are emerging antibacterial nano-strategies that can respond to the caries microenvironment or other specific stimuli to exert antibacterial effects. Compared with traditional antibacterial materials, these materials are less prone to bacterial resistanceand have good biological safety. This review summarizes the characteristics of cariogenic microbiota and some traditional or emerging antibacterial materials. These emerging antibacterial materials can accurately act on the caries microenvironment, showing intelligent antibacterial effects and providing new ideas for caries management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14020111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T04:54:31Z","timestamp":1737608071000},"page":"111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cariogenic Microbiota and Emerging Antibacterial Materials to Combat Dental Caries: A Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qizhao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingwei","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingou","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3618-9672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China"},{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517693566","article-title":"Global, Regional, and National Prevalence, Incidence, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Oral Conditions for 195 Countries, 1990\u20132015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors","volume":"96","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1159\/000151329","article-title":"Host and microbiological factors related to dental caries development","volume":"42","author":"Laine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4517","article-title":"Current understanding of the human microbiome","volume":"24","author":"Gilbert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/s41415-021-3775-4","article-title":"Understanding dental caries as a non-communicable disease","volume":"231","author":"Pitts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valenti, C., Pagano, S., Bozza, S., Ciurnella, E., Lomurno, G., Capobianco, B., Coniglio, M., Cianetti, S., and Marinucci, L. (2021). Use of the Er:YAG Laser in Conservative Dentistry: Evaluation of the Microbial Population in Carious Lesions. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14092387"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e038638","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038638","article-title":"Lasers to prevent dental caries: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Pagano","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmic.2024.100106","article-title":"Antibiotics and the gut microbiome: Understanding the impact on human health","volume":"20","author":"Lathakumari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Med. Microecol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00933-y","article-title":"Antibiotic perturbations to the gut microbiome","volume":"21","author":"Fishbein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100081","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: Impacts, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Surg. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spatafora, G., Li, Y., He, X., Cowan, A., and Tanner, A.C.R. (2024). The Evolving Microbiome of Dental Caries. Microorganisms, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12010121"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01410-07","article-title":"Bacteria of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children and young adults","volume":"46","author":"Aas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banas, J.A., and Drake, D.R. (2018). Are the mutans streptococci still considered relevant to understanding the microbial etiology of dental caries?. BMC Oral Health, 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0595-2"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1710.10028","article-title":"Association of Salivary Microbiota with Dental Caries Incidence with Dentine Involvement after 4 Years","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hurley, E., Barrett, M.P.J., Kinirons, M., Whelton, H., Ryan, C.A., Stanton, C., Harris, H.M.B., and O\u2019Toole, P.W. (2019). Comparison of the salivary and dentinal microbiome of children with severe-early childhood caries to the salivary microbiome of caries-free children. BMC Oral Health, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0693-1"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, C., Yuan, C., Ao, S., Shi, X., Chen, F., Sun, X., and Zheng, S. (2018). The Predictive Potentiality of Salivary Microbiome for the Recurrence of Early Childhood Caries. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00423"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103479","article-title":"Effect of silver diamine fluoride on plaque microbiome in children","volume":"102","author":"Mei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1159\/000499578","article-title":"Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride Treatment on Microbial Profiles of Plaque Biofilms from Root\/Cervical Caries Lesions","volume":"53","author":"Mitwalli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910808700308","article-title":"Diversity of Veillonella spp. from sound and carious sites in children","volume":"87","author":"Arif","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, H., Tian, J., Hao, W., Zhang, Q., Zhou, Q., Shi, W., Qin, M., He, X., and Chen, F. (2018). Oral Microbiome Shifts From Caries-Free to Caries-Affected Status in 3-Year-Old Chinese Children: A Longitudinal Study. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02009"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, S., Gao, X., Jin, L., and Lo, E.C.M. (2016). Salivary Microbiome Diversity in Caries-Free and Caries-Affected Children. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17121978"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalpana, B., Prabhu, P., Bhat, A.H., Senthilkumar, A., Arun, R.P., Asokan, S., Gunthe, S.S., and Verma, R.S. (2020). Bacterial diversity and functional analysis of severe early childhood caries and recurrence in India. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78057-z"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, L., Wang, Y., Ye, Y., Zhou, Y., Zhi, Q., and Lin, H. (2021). Metagenomic Analysis of Dental Plaque on Pit and Fissure Sites With and Without Caries Among Adolescents. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.740981"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, Q., Liu, J., Chen, L., Gan, N., and Yang, D. (2018). The Oral Microbiome in the Elderly with Dental Caries and Health. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00442"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"da Costa Rosa, T., de Almeida Neves, A., Azcarate-Peril, M.A., Divaris, K., Wu, D., Cho, H., Moss, K., Paster, B.J., Chen, T., and B Freitas-Fernandes, L. (2021). The bacterial microbiome and metabolome in caries progression and arrest. J. Oral Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2021.1886748"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02427-10","article-title":"Cultivable anaerobic microbiota of severe early childhood caries","volume":"49","author":"Tanner","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Havsed, K., Stensson, M., Jansson, H., Carda-Di\u00e9guez, M., Pedersen, A., Neilands, J., Svens\u00e4ter, G., and Mira, A. (2021). Bacterial Composition and Metabolomics of Dental Plaque From Adolescents. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.716493"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00450-19","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00450-19","article-title":"Oral Microbiome Alterations Associated with Early Childhood Caries Highlight the Importance of Carbohydrate Metabolic Activities","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"MSystems"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, A.A., and Paster, B.J. (2023). Dental caries and their microbiomes in children: What do we do now?. J. Oral Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2023.2198433"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1159\/000351663","article-title":"A tissue-dependent hypothesis of dental caries","volume":"47","author":"Alcaraz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-019-9521-4","article-title":"Probiotics as an Adjunct Therapy for the Treatment of Halitosis, Dental Caries and Periodontitis","volume":"12","author":"Bustamante","year":"2020","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, C., Zhu, Y., Liu, M., and Chen, J. (2024). The enhancement mechanisms of mucin and lactoferrin on \u03b1-amylase activity in saliva: Exploring the interactions using QCM-D and molecular docking. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 257.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128710"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2020.08.007","article-title":"Trophic Interactions and the Drivers of Microbial Community Assembly","volume":"30","author":"Gralka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000479091","article-title":"Diversity in Antagonistic Interactions between Commensal Oral Streptococci and Streptococcus mutans","volume":"52","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.09.008","article-title":"Oral Biofilms: Pathogens, Matrix, and Polymicrobial Interactions in Microenvironments","volume":"26","author":"Bowen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00339-19","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00339-19","article-title":"Multi-omics Analyses Reveal Synergistic Carbohydrate Metabolism in Streptococcus mutans-Candida albicans Mixed-Species Biofilms","volume":"87","author":"Ellepola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, J., Kim, D., Zhou, X., Ahn, S.J., Burne, R.A., Richards, V.P., and Koo, H. (2017). RNA-Seq Reveals Enhanced Sugar Metabolism in Streptococcus mutans Co-cultured with Candida albicans within Mixed-Species Biofilms. Front. Microbiol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01036"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv, S., Fan, W., and Fan, B. (2023). Enhanced in vitro antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis by using both low-dose cetylpyridinium chloride and silver ions. BMC Oral Health, 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02972-6"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demeter, F., T\u00f6r\u00f6k, P., Kiss, A., Kov\u00e1sznai-Ol\u00e1h, R., Szigeti, Z.M., Baksa, V., Kov\u00e1cs, F., Balla, N., Fenyvesi, F., and V\u00e1radi, J. (2023). First Synthesis of DBU-Conjugated Cationic Carbohydrate Derivatives and Investigation of Their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24043550"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.jomfp_368_21","article-title":"Anti-plaque efficacy of Hi-Ora mouthrinse and 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate in patients with chronic gingivitis: A case-control study","volume":"26","author":"Mathew","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Pathol. JOMFP"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cieplik, F., Jakubovics, N.S., Buchalla, W., Maisch, T., Hellwig, E., and Al-Ahmad, A. (2019). Resistance Toward Chlorhexidine in Oral Bacteria\u2014Is There Cause for Concern?. Front. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00587"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiu, W., Zhou, Y., Li, Z., Huang, T., Xiao, Y., Cheng, L., Peng, X., Zhang, L., and Ren, B. (2020). Application of Antibiotics\/Antimicrobial Agents on Dental Caries. BioMed Res. Int., 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5658212"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00017-15","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00017-15","article-title":"Proteomic Analyses of Chlorhexidine Tolerance Mechanisms in Delftia acidovorans Biofilms","volume":"1","author":"Rema","year":"2016","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513502053","article-title":"Effects of quaternary ammonium chain length on antibacterial bonding agents","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitwalli, H., Alsahafi, R., Balhaddad, A.A., Weir, M.D., Xu, H.H.K., and Melo, M.A.S. (2020). Emerging Contact-Killing Antibacterial Strategies for Developing Anti-Biofilm Dental Polymeric Restorative Materials. Bioengineering, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering7030083"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104678","article-title":"Applications of quaternary ammonium compounds in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases: State-of-the-art and future directions","volume":"137","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.26.388","article-title":"The effect of antibacterial monomer MDPB on the growth of organisms associated with root caries","volume":"26","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dent. Mater. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, W., Ren, B., Zhou, X., Xu, H.H.K., Weir, M.D., Li, M., Feng, M., Li, J., Xu, X., and Cheng, L. (2016). Novel Cavity Disinfectants Containing Quaternary Ammonium Monomer Dimethylaminododecyl Methacrylate. Materials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9080674"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.12.001","article-title":"Effects of S. mutans gene-modification and antibacterial monomer dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate on biofilm growth and acid production","volume":"36","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Silver in medicine: The basic science","volume":"40","author":"Marx","year":"2014","journal-title":"Burn. J. Int. Soc. Burn. Inj."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202200472","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.202200472","article-title":"Synthesis of Cationic Silver Nanoparticles with Highly Potent Properties against Oral Pathogens and Their Biofilms","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"ChemNanoMat"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12320","article-title":"Mechanisms of silver diamine fluoride on arresting caries: A literature review","volume":"68","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Dent. J."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518774783","article-title":"Arresting Dentine Caries with Silver Diamine Fluoride: What\u2019s Behind It?","volume":"97","author":"Mei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inoche.2023.111659","article-title":"In-vitro antimicrobial efficacy of heterostructured ZnO\/ZnWO4 nanocomposites for dental caries","volume":"158","author":"Malathi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, T., Huang, Z., Shu, X., Zhang, C., Dong, Z., and Peng, Q. (2022). Functional nanomaterials and their potentials in antibacterial treatment of dental caries. Colloids Surfaces. B Biointerfaces., 218.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2022.112761"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2021.08.246","article-title":"Optimized synthesis of novel hydroxyapatite\/CuO\/TiO2 nanocomposite with high antibacterial activity against oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans","volume":"47","author":"Imani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nolan, V.C., Harrison, J., and Cox, J.A.G. (2019). Dissecting the Antimicrobial Composition of Honey. Antibiotics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040251"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127229","article-title":"A current perspective on hydrogen peroxide production in honey. A review","volume":"332","author":"Brudzynski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deglovic, J., Majtanova, N., and Majtan, J. (2022). Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effect of Honey in the Prevention of Dental Caries: A Recent Perspective. Foods, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11172670"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schuh, C.M., Aguayo, S., Zavala, G., and Khoury, M. (2019). Exosome-like vesicles in Apis mellifera bee pollen, honey and royal jelly contribute to their antibacterial and pro-regenerative activity. J. Exp. Biol., 222.","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.208702"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4891","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S315040","article-title":"Antibacterial Effect of Honey-Derived Exosomes Containing Antimicrobial Peptides Against Oral Streptococci","volume":"16","author":"Alvarez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2724","article-title":"In Vitro Analysis of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Root Extract Activity on Streptococcus mutans in Comparison to Chlorhexidine and Fluoride Mouthwash","volume":"20","author":"Malvania","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Dent. Pract."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"460","article-title":"Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhixza Roxb.) ethanol extract has inhibitory effect on the development of intermediate phase of Candida albicans biofilm","volume":"12","author":"Ardiansyah","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Int. Dent. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7645","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.2c08244","article-title":"Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Chemical Class of Emerging Concern","volume":"57","author":"Arnold","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2017.07.002","article-title":"Silver nanoparticles in dentistry","volume":"33","author":"Noronha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4818","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.73181","article-title":"Dual-sensitive antibacterial peptide nanoparticles prevent dental caries","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, W., Xie, Z., Huang, S., Huang, Q., Chen, L., Gao, X., and Lin, Z. (2023). Targeting cariogenic pathogens and promoting competitiveness of commensal bacteria with a novel pH-responsive antimicrobial peptide. J. Oral Microbiol., 15.","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2022.2159375"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1159\/000508458","article-title":"The pH-Responsive Property of Antimicrobial Peptide GH12 Enhances Its Anticaries Effects at Acidic pH","volume":"55","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2021.08.002","article-title":"Intelligent pH-responsive dental sealants to prevent long-term microleakage","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Liang, J., Zhou, X., Ren, B., Wang, H., Han, Q., Li, H., and Cheng, L. (2022). Effects of a Novel, Intelligent, pH-Responsive Resin Adhesive on Cariogenic Biofilms In Vitro. Pathogens, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11091014"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2390","DOI":"10.1021\/nn507170s","article-title":"pH-activated nanoparticles for controlled topical delivery of farnesol to disrupt oral biofilm virulence","volume":"9","author":"Horev","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TB02054A","article-title":"Characterization and optimization of pH-responsive polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery to oral biofilms","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2022.2037788","article-title":"Effect of pH-sensitive nanoparticles on inhibiting oral biofilms","volume":"29","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1039\/C8BM01640B","article-title":"pH-Responsive polymeric nanocarriers for efficient killing of cariogenic bacteria in biofilms","volume":"7","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Yu, Z., and Lo, E.C.M. (2021). A New pH-Responsive Nano Micelle for Enhancing the Effect of a Hydrophobic Bactericidal Agent on Mature Streptococcus mutans Biofilm. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.761583"},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"418","article-title":"Dental plaque-inspired versatile nanosystem for caries prevention and tooth restoration","volume":"20","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi, Y., Wang, L., Chen, L., Lin, Y., Luo, Z., Chen, Z., Li, T., Wu, J., and Zhong, Z. (2020). Farnesal-loaded pH-sensitive polymeric micelles provided effective prevention and treatment on dental caries. J. Nanobiotechnol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-020-00633-2"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Marin, L.M., Xiao, Y., Gillies, E.R., and Siqueira, W.L. (2021). pH-Sensitive Chitosan Nanoparticles for Salivary Protein Delivery. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11041028"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akram, Z., Aati, S., Ngo, H., and Fawzy, A. (2021). pH-dependent delivery of chlorhexidine from PGA grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles at resin-dentin interface. J. Nanobiotechnol., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00788-6"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7697","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S181168","article-title":"Redox\/pH dual-controlled release of chlorhexidine and silver ions from biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles against oral biofilms","volume":"13","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.05.051","article-title":"Nanocatalysts promote Streptococcus mutans biofilm matrix degradation and enhance bacterial killing to suppress dental caries in vivo","volume":"101","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Liu, Y., Shah, S., Kim, D., Simon-Soro, A., Ito, T., Hajfathalian, M., Li, Y., Hsu, J.C., and Nieves, L.M. (2021). Precision targeting of bacterial pathogen via bi-functional nanozyme activated by biofilm microenvironment. Biomaterials, 268.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120581"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4960","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b08702","article-title":"Dextran-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Biomimetic Catalysts for Localized and pH-Activated Biofilm Disruption","volume":"13","author":"Naha","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6087","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41687-8","article-title":"Iron oxide nanozymes stabilize stannous fluoride for targeted biofilm killing and synergistic oral disease prevention","volume":"14","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11228","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c17134","article-title":"Enhanced \u201cElectronic Tongue\u201d for Dental Bacterial Discrimination and Elimination Based on a DNA-Encoded Nanozyme Sensor Array","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2024.102204","article-title":"Stimuli-responsive graphdiyne-silver nanozymes for catalytic ion therapy of dental caries through targeted biofilms removal and remineralization","volume":"55","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132491","article-title":"A removable photothermal antibacterial \u201cwarm paste\u201d target for cariogenic bacteria","volume":"429","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2409155","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202409155","article-title":"Black Phosphorus Nanosheets-Loaded Mussel-Inspired Hydrogel with Wet Adhesion, Photothermal Antimicrobial, and In Situ Remineralization Capabilities for Caries Prevention","volume":"11","author":"Ran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bioresponsive nanotherapy for preventing dental caries by inhibiting multispecies cariogenic biofilms","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2024.104343","article-title":"Titanium oxide and chitosan nanoparticles loaded in methylene blue activated by photodynamic therapy on caries affected dentin disinfection, bond strength, and smear layer removal efficacy","volume":"50","author":"Alanazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Silvestre, A.L.P., dos Santos, A.M., de Oliveira, A.B., Ferrisse, T.M., Brighenti, F.L., Meneguin, A.B., and Chorilli, M. (2023). Evaluation of photodynamic therapy on nanoparticles and films loaded-nanoparticles based on chitosan\/alginate for curcumin delivery in oral biofilms. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 240.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124489"},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"269","article-title":"NIR-activated nanosystems with self-modulated bacteria targeting for enhanced biofilm eradication and caries prevention","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27340","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c06051","article-title":"A Supramolecular Nanoformulation with Adaptive Photothermal\/Photodynamic Transformation for Preventing Dental Caries","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43868","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c06331","article-title":"Multifunctional Dental Composite with Piezoelectric Nanofillers for Combined Antibacterial and Mineralization Effects","volume":"13","author":"Montoya","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Zhang, N., Liu, J., Wang, J., Shen, S., Zhang, J., An, X., and Si, Q. (2023). Preparation of Nanocomposites for Antibacterial Orthodontic Invisible Appliance Based on Piezoelectric Catalysis. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23115336"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4838","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.1c00926","article-title":"Antifungal Effect of Piezoelectric Charges on PMMA Dentures","volume":"7","author":"Montoya","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-024-09355-4","article-title":"Tooth whitening and caries prevention toothbrush based on PTFE electret","volume":"59","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Li, J., Zhang, S., Zhou, W., Zhang, L., and Huang, X. (2023). pH-activated antibiofilm strategies for controlling dental caries. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1130506"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.21566","article-title":"Protein aggregation: Pathways, induction factors and analysis","volume":"98","author":"Mahler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2023.03.019","article-title":"pH-responsive DMAEM Monomer for dental caries inhibition","volume":"39","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1800917","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201800917","article-title":"pH-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery","volume":"40","author":"Deirram","year":"2019","journal-title":"Macromol. Rapid Commun."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.11.003","article-title":"Mechanisms of drug release in pH-sensitive micelles for tumour targeted drug delivery system: A review","volume":"535","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, Y., Vasilev, K., and Zilm, P. (2023). pH-Responsive Biomaterials for the Treatment of Dental Caries-A Focussed and Critical Review. Pharmaceutics, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071837"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-019-03325-x","article-title":"Acid and light stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for controlled release","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TB02292A","article-title":"Temperature and ultrasound sensitive gatekeepers for the controlled release of chemotherapeutic drugs from mesoporous silica nanoparticles","volume":"6","author":"Anirudhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2024.07.025","article-title":"Emerging nanozyme therapy incorporated into dental materials for diverse oral pathologies","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent. Mater."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2019.01.005","article-title":"Iron oxide nanoparticles: Diagnostic, therapeutic and theranostic applications","volume":"138","author":"Dadfar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2920","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05342-x","article-title":"Topical ferumoxytol nanoparticles disrupt biofilms and prevent tooth decay in vivo via intrinsic catalytic activity","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1039\/C9BM01889A","article-title":"Oral biofilm elimination by combining iron-based nanozymes and hydrogen peroxide-producing bacteria","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8680","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR01833F","article-title":"Nanomaterials with a photothermal effect for antibacterial activities: An overview","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X., Huang, Y.-Y., Wang, Y., Wang, X., and Hamblin, M.R. (2018). Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy to Control Clinically Relevant Biofilm Infections. Front. Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01299"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2017.10.025","article-title":"Effect of methylene blue-induced photodynamic therapy on a Streptococcus mutans biofilm model","volume":"20","author":"Nemezio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2021.102589","article-title":"The effects of bimodal action of photodynamic and photothermal therapy on antimicrobial and shear bond strength properties of orthodontic composite containing nano-graphene oxide","volume":"36","author":"Ghorbanzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2023.215275","article-title":"Emerging 2D MXenes for antibacterial applications: Current status, challenges, and prospects","volume":"492","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Coord. Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27297","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b05013","article-title":"Tailoring Bacteria Response by Piezoelectric Stimulation","volume":"11","author":"Carvalho","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2024.102419","article-title":"Piezoelectric nanomaterials for antibacterial strategies","volume":"40","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26455","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c05114","article-title":"Piezoelectric Activatable Nanozyme-Based Skin Patch for Rapid Wound Disinfection","volume":"14","author":"Bai","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9415","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c01480","article-title":"Surface-Confined Piezocatalysis Inspired by ROS Generation of Mitochondria Respiratory Chain for Ultrasound-Driven Noninvasive Elimination of Implant Infection","volume":"17","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.107840","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of ZnO-GO composites with their piezoelectric catalytic and antibacterial properties","volume":"10","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2210296","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202210296","article-title":"Achieving Fast Charge Separation by Ferroelectric Ultrasonic Interfacial Engineering for Rapid Sonotherapy of Bacteria-Infected Osteomyelitis","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2023.107663","article-title":"Biomass aerogel composite containing BaTiO3 nanoparticles and MXene for highly sensitive self-powered sensor and photothermal antibacterial applications","volume":"173","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, S., Qiao, W., Yang, Z., Orrego, S., and Neelakantan, P. (2022). Engineering Dental Tissues Using Biomaterials with Piezoelectric Effect: Current Progress and Future Perspectives. J. Funct. Biomater., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14010008"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2313419","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202313419","article-title":"Strontium-Containing Piezoelectric Biofilm Promotes Dentin Tissue Regeneration","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2022.06.314","article-title":"Influence of filler characteristics on the performance of dental composites: A comprehensive review","volume":"48","author":"Elfakhri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517737024","article-title":"Oral Microbiome Studies: Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications","volume":"29","author":"Mira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00350-8","article-title":"Engineered living biomaterials","volume":"6","author":"Sankaran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krzy\u015bciak, W., Ko\u015bcielniak, D., Papie\u017c, M., Vyhouskaya, P., Zag\u00f3rska-\u015awie\u017cy, K., Ko\u0142odziej, I., Bystrowska, B., and Jurczak, A. (2017). Effect of a Lactobacillus Salivarius Probiotic on a Double-Species Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans Caries Biofilm. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111242"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.02.004","article-title":"Live and heat-killed Lactobacillus spp. interfere with Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus oralis during biofilm development on titanium surface","volume":"78","author":"Ciandrini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Oral. Biol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1159\/000504164","article-title":"Effects of the Consumption of Probiotic Yogurt Containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on the Levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in Saliva of Students with Initial Stages of Dental Caries: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"54","author":"Amerian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalmasso, M., de Haas, E., Neve, H., Strain, R., Cousin, F.J., Stockdale, S.R., Ross, R.P., and Hill, C. (2015). Isolation of a Novel Phage with Activity against Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138651"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108465","article-title":"Isolation of Streptococcus mutans temperate bacteriophage with broad killing activity to S. mutans clinical isolates","volume":"26","author":"Sugai","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfoviz-Zilberman, A., Kraitman, R., Hazan, R., Friedman, M., Houri-Haddad, Y., and Beyth, N. (2021). Phage Targeting Streptococcus mutans In Vitro and In Vivo as a Caries-Preventive Modality. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10081015"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben-Zaken, H., Kraitman, R., Coppenhagen-Glazer, S., Khalifa, L., Alkalay-Oren, S., Gelman, D., Ben-Gal, G., Beyth, N., and Hazan, R. (2021). Isolation and Characterization of Streptococcus mutans Phage as a Possible Treatment Agent for Caries. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202104.0045.v1"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020695902160","article-title":"Genetically modified Streptococcus mutans for the prevention of dental caries","volume":"82","author":"Hillman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antonie Leeuwenhoek"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1159\/000486431","article-title":"The Regulator Gene rnc Is Closely Involved in Biofilm Formation in Streptococcus mutans","volume":"52","author":"Mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"e282","article-title":"Probiotics and oral health: A systematic review","volume":"22","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Oral Patol. Oral Cir. Bucal"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2021.104412","article-title":"The immunomodulating role of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases","volume":"46","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2019.01.008","article-title":"Increasing salivary IgA and reducing Streptococcus mutans by probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei SD1: A double-blind, randomized, controlled study","volume":"14","author":"Pahumunto","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1159\/000499037","article-title":"Critical Appraisal of Oral Pre- and Probiotics for Caries Prevention and Care","volume":"53","author":"Zaura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Caries Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185034","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2185034","article-title":"Emerging issues in probiotic safety: 2023 perspectives","volume":"15","author":"Merenstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Im, E.J., Lee, H.H.-Y., Kim, M., and Kim, M.-K. (2023). Evaluation of Enterococcal Probiotic Usage and Review of Potential Health Benefits, Safety, and Risk of Antibiotic-Resistant Strain Emergence. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12081327"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01705-x","article-title":"Personalized bacteriophage therapy outcomes for 100 consecutive cases: A multicentre, multinational, retrospective observational study","volume":"9","author":"Pirnay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2017.01.002","article-title":"The use of bacteriophages to biocontrol oral biofilms","volume":"250","author":"Winkel","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-024-02510-y","article-title":"The potential use of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents in dental infection","volume":"21","author":"Salari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egido, J.E., Costa, A.R., Aparicio-Maldonado, C., Haas, P.-J., and Brouns, S.J.J. (2022). Mechanisms and clinical importance of bacteriophage resistance. FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 46.","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuab048"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114296","article-title":"Progress of engineered bacteria for tumor therapy","volume":"185","author":"Fan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.172","article-title":"Engineering bacteria for diagnostic and therapeutic applications","volume":"16","author":"Riglar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103278","article-title":"S. mutans gene-modification and antibacterial resin composite as dual strategy to suppress biofilm acid production and inhibit caries","volume":"93","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dent."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Li, R., Xu, Y., Liu, R., Sun, D., and Dai, Z. (2024). Engineered bacteria: Strategies and applications in cancer immunotherapy. Fundam. Res.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fmre.2024.11.001"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1039\/D2MH01079H","article-title":"A bio-inspired versatile free-standing membrane for oral cavity microenvironmental monitoring and remineralization to prevent dental caries","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-022-00185-5","article-title":"Wearable battery-free theranostic dental patch for wireless intraoral sensing and drug delivery","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"NPJ Flex. Electron."}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/14\/2\/111\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:34:20Z","timestamp":1759919660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/14\/2\/111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens14020111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens14020111","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]}}}