{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:02:05Z","timestamp":1791511325740,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>HIV-1 infection cannot be cured due to the presence of HIV-1 latently infected cells. These cells do not produce the virus, but they can resume virus production at any time in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, people living with HIV (PLWH) need to take lifelong therapy. Strategies have been coined to eradicate the viral reservoir by reactivating HIV-1 latently infected cells and subsequently killing them. Various latency reversing agents (LRAs) that can reactivate HIV-1 in vitro and ex vivo have been identified. The most potent LRAs also strongly activate T cells and therefore cannot be applied in vivo. Many LRAs that reactivate HIV in the absence of general T cell activation have been identified and have been tested in clinical trials. Although some LRAs could reduce the reservoir size in clinical trials, so far, they have failed to eradicate the reservoir. More recently, immune modulators have been applied in PLWH, and the first results seem to indicate that these may reduce the reservoir and possibly improve immunological control after therapy interruption. Potentially, combinations of LRAs and immune modulators could reduce the reservoir size, and in the future, immunological control may enable PLWH to live without developing HIV-related disease in the absence of therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14030232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T05:13:58Z","timestamp":1740633238000},"page":"232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Latency Reversing Agents and the Road to an HIV Cure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Louis","family":"Tioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael Ce\u00f1a","family":"Diez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8928-3374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"S\u00f6nnerborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6407-9481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maarten","family":"van de Klundert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2117630119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2117630119","article-title":"Longitudinal Clonal Dynamics of HIV-1 Latent Reservoirs Measured by Combination Quadruplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sequencing","volume":"119","author":"Cho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. 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