{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:36:04Z","timestamp":1790832964851,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a pathogen responsible for infectious complications in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. This review aims to give an insight into recent data about the structure and genomic organization, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and current treatment options of BKPyV infections in children after HSCT. News regarding viral replication and pathogenesis include the generation of miRNA, new mechanisms of viral shedding by releasing infectious particles via extracellular vesicles, and human bladder microvascular endothelial cells probably acting as viral reservoirs enabling low-level viral replication and persistence. In studies conducted over the past five years, BKPyV hemorrhagic cystitis (BKPyV-HC) has a prevalence rate of 4 to 27% in children undergoing HSCT. Diagnostics still has unsolved dilemmas like whole blood or plasma samples as well as the standardization of molecular methods to allow for reporting in international units. In terms of treatment, new approaches have been used in the past five years, including the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), virus-specific T cells (VSTs), and recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor (rH-KGF), although the efficacy of some of these treatments has only been documented in isolated studies. This complication continues to pose a substantial clinical challenge, characterized by an absence of effective preventive and therapeutic measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14030236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T08:05:54Z","timestamp":1740729954000},"page":"236","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Treatment of BK Virus Infections in Children After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Mislav","family":"Peras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Public Health Zagreb County, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernest","family":"Bili\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Marekovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Prevention Control, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2020.01.013","article-title":"Infections after Allogenic Transplant with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide: Impact of Donor HLA Matching","volume":"26","author":"Oltolini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. 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