{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:41:42Z","timestamp":1791877302099,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21fk0108495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21fk0108495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21H02361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21H02361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K21273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K21273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21fk0108495"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21fk0108495"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21H02361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21H02361"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K21273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K21273"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), caused by infection with the SFTS virus, is an emerging fatal tick-borne zoonosis endemic to East Asia. Although SFTS is a tick-borne disease, the virus can be transmitted from animals with SFTS without a tick bite. Direct transmission of the SFTS virus from animals to humans has been reported; however, the transmission route is unclear in some cases. Therefore, this study focused on the possibility of SFTS virus transmission through urine and attempted to isolate the infectious virus from the urine of animals with SFTS. Since more efficient cell isolation is needed to determine whether the SFTS virus is present, we first expressed dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), the major receptor for the virus, in Vero cells (Vero-DC-SIGN cells) using a retroviral vector. When inoculated with equal amounts of the SFTS virus strain and SFTS-virus-infected animal serum, Vero-DC-SIGN cells had 42\u2013136% and 20\u201385% more foci, respectively, than their parent Vero cells. After confirming that Vero-DC-SIGN cells were more suitable for the isolation of the SFTS virus, we investigated whether it could be isolated from the urine of eight cats and two dogs with SFTS. The virus was isolated from 25 \u03bcL of urine from two cats with SFTS. Considering that cats excrete 50\u2013100 mL of urine per day, the transmission of the SFTS virus via the urine of cats with SFTS cannot be ruled out. Individuals examining or caring for cats suspected of having SFTS should be aware of the possibility of viral transmission via urine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14030254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T05:54:38Z","timestamp":1741154078000},"page":"254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Urine of Cats with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome: A Potential Source of Infection Transmission"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3063-0997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirohisa","family":"Mekata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9221-4748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-4554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kentaro","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kiyotakecho Kihara, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8614-6593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamaki","family":"Okabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kiyotakecho Kihara, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2792-4399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akatsuki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kiyotakecho Kihara, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2604.191011","article-title":"Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, Japan, 2013\u20132017","volume":"26","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"ciaa1561","article-title":"Epidemiology and Ecology of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in China, 2010\u20132018","volume":"73","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.129531","article-title":"Genetic and Pathogenic Diversity of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) in South Korea","volume":"5","author":"Yun","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010095","article-title":"Fever with Thrombocytopenia Associated with a Novel Bunyavirus in China","volume":"364","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir804","article-title":"Hemorrhagic Fever Caused by a Novel Bunyavirus in China: Pathogenesis and Correlates of Fatal Outcome","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2011.140888","article-title":"Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus, South Korea, 2013","volume":"20","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv144","article-title":"Phylogenetic and Geographic Relationships of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in China, South Korea, and Japan","volume":"212","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2505.181463","article-title":"Endemic Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, Vietnam","volume":"25","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2607.200104","article-title":"Human Case of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection, Taiwan, 2019","volume":"26","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.200135","article-title":"Genotypic Heterogeneity of Orientia tsutsugamushi in Scrub Typhus Patients and Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Co-infection, Myanmar","volume":"26","author":"Win","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2607.190611","article-title":"Serologic Evidence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus and Related Viruses in Pakistan","volume":"26","author":"Zohaib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2812.221183","article-title":"Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection, Thailand, 2019\u20132020","volume":"28","author":"Rattanakomol","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Z., Bao, C., Hu, J., Liu, W., Wang, X., Zhang, L., Ji, Z., Feng, Z., Li, L., and Shen, A. (2016). Ecology of the Tick-Borne Phlebovirus Causing Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in an Endemic Area of China. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004574"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, J., Min, Y.-Q., Li, Y., Sun, X., Deng, F., Wang, H., and Ning, Y.-J. (2021). Animal Model of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.797189"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, E.-S., Shimojima, M., Nagata, N., Ami, Y., Yoshikawa, T., Iwata-Yoshikawa, N., Fukushi, S., Watanabe, S., Kurosu, T., and Kataoka, M. (2019). Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Phlebovirus Causes Lethal Viral Hemorrhagic Fever in Cats. Sci. Rep., 9.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48317-8"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsuu, A., Momoi, Y., Nishiguchi, A., Noguchi, K., Yabuki, M., Hamakubo, E., Take, M., and Maeda, K. (2019). Natural Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection in Domestic Cats in Japan. Vet. Microbiol., 236.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.06.019"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2502.180859","article-title":"Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs, South Korea","volume":"25","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14372","article-title":"Experimental Infection of Dogs with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus: Pathogenicity and Potential for Intraspecies Transmission","volume":"69","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-022-09979-4","article-title":"Clinical Features and Epidemiology of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Dogs in the Republic of Korea: An Observational Study (2019\u20132020)","volume":"46","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishijima, K., Tatemoto, K., Park, E., Kimura, M., Fujita, O., Taira, M., Kuroda, Y., Mendoza, M.V., Inoue, Y., and Harada, M. (2022). Lethal Disease in Dogs Naturally Infected with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14091963"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06192-11","article-title":"The Ecology, Genetic Diversity, and Phylogeny of Huaiyangshan Virus in China","volume":"86","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.102100","article-title":"Haemaphysalis flava Ticks as a Competent Vector of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus","volume":"14","author":"Fang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, K., Cui, N., Fang, L.-Q., Wang, B.-J., Lu, Q.-B., Peng, W., Li, H., Wang, L.-Y., Liang, S., and Wang, H.-Y. (2014). Epidemiologic Features and Environmental Risk Factors of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, Xinyang, China. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002820"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-024-02387-x","article-title":"Direct Transmission of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus from Farm-Raised Fur Animals to Workers in Weihai, China","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2612.191513","article-title":"Direct Transmission of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus from Domestic Cat to Veterinary Personnel","volume":"26","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsuru, M., Suzuki, T., Murakami, T., Matsui, K., Maeda, Y., Yoshikawa, T., Kurosu, T., Shimojima, M., Shimada, T., and Hasegawa, H. (2021). Pathological Characteristics of a Patient with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Infected with SFTS Virus through a Sick Cat\u2019s Bite. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202101.0207.v1"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2022.02.011","article-title":"Retrospective Study on the Possibility of an SFTS Outbreak Associated with Undiagnosed Febrile Illness in Veterinary Professionals and a Family with Sick Dogs in 2003","volume":"28","author":"Kirino","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Infect. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miyauchi, A., Sada, K.-E., Yamamoto, H., Iriyoshi, H., Touyama, Y., Hashimoto, D., Nojima, S., Yamanaka, S., Ishijima, K., and Maeda, K. (2022). Suspected Transmission of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus from a Cat to a Veterinarian by a Single Contact: A Case Report. Viruses, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020223"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2021.796","article-title":"A Patient with Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Infected from a Sick Dog with SFTS Virus Infection","volume":"75","author":"Oshima","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2022.425","article-title":"Possible Transmission of Severe Fever with the Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus to an Individual Who Buried an Infected Cat","volume":"76","author":"Mekata","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2017.497","article-title":"Low Seroprevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Antibodies in Individuals Living in an Endemic Area in Japan","volume":"71","author":"Gokuden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ando, T., Nabeshima, T., Inoue, S., Tun, M.M.N., Obata, M., Hu, W., Shimoda, H., Kurihara, S., Izumikawa, K., and Morita, K. (2021). Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Cats and Its Prevalence among Veterinarian Staff Members in Nagasaki, Japan. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061142"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirino, Y., Ishijima, K., Miura, M., Nomachi, T., Mazimpaka, E., Sudaryatma, P.E., Yamanaka, A., Maeda, K., Sugimoto, T., and Saito, A. (2021). Seroprevalence of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Small-Animal Veterinarians and Nurses in the Japanese Prefecture with the Highest Case Load. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13020229"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saga, Y., Yoshida, T., Yoshida, R., Yazawa, S., Shimada, T., Inasaki, N., Itamochi, M., Yamazaki, E., Oishi, K., and Tani, H. (2023). Long-Term Detection and Isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Virus in Dog Urine. Viruses, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/v15112228"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1911.130792","article-title":"Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome, South Korea, 2012","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit603","article-title":"The First Identification and Retrospective Study of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Japan","volume":"209","author":"Takahashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4384","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02628-12","article-title":"Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Virus Glycoproteins Are Targeted by Neutralizing Antibodies and Can Use DC-SIGN as a Receptor for PH-Dependent Entry into Human and Animal Cell Lines","volume":"87","author":"Hofmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12028","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.24.12028-12038.2001","article-title":"Cis Expression of DC-SIGN Allows for More Efficient Entry of Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses via CD4 and a Coreceptor","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2020.2720","article-title":"Isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus from Various Tick Species in Area with Human Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Cases","volume":"21","author":"Sato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2007.11.014","article-title":"Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR Measurement of Cytokine mRNA Expression in the Skin of Normal Cats and Cats with Allergic Skin Disease","volume":"122","author":"Taglinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00742-14","article-title":"Sensitive and Specific PCR Systems for Detection of Both Chinese and Japanese Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Strains and Prediction of Patient Survival Based on Viral Load","volume":"52","author":"Yoshikawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mekata, H., Yamada, K., Umeki, K., Yamamoto, M., Ochi, A., Umekita, K., Kobayashi, I., Hirai, T., and Okabayashi, T. (2024). Nine-Year Seroepidemiological Study of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection in Feral Horses in Cape Toi, Japan. BMC Vet. Res., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-04042-7"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5292","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00110-16","article-title":"Characterization of Glycoprotein-Mediated Entry of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus","volume":"90","author":"Tani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.2.10.955-961.1968","article-title":"Defectiveness of Interferon Production and of Rubella Virus Interference in a Line of African Green Monkey Kidney Cells (Vero)","volume":"2","author":"Desmyter","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02277-13","article-title":"The Pathogenesis of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection in Alpha\/Beta Interferon Knockout Mice: Insights into the Pathologic Mechanisms of a New Viral Hemorrhagic Fever","volume":"88","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10053","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1120246109","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Emerging Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in C57\/BL6 Mouse Model","volume":"109","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.06.007","article-title":"DC-SIGN as a Receptor for Phleboviruses","volume":"10","author":"Lozach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.0c01537","article-title":"CD209L\/L-SIGN and CD209\/DC-SIGN Act as Receptors for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"7","author":"Amraei","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021840","article-title":"DC-SIGN (CD209) Mediates Dengue Virus Infection of Human Dendritic Cells","volume":"197","author":"Tassaneetrithep","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2014.08.023","article-title":"Isolation and Propagation of Dengue Virus in Vero and BHK-21 Cells Expressing Human DC-SIGN Stably","volume":"209","author":"Phanthanawiboon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2017.01.005","article-title":"A Neutralization Assay with a Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Strain That Makes Plaques in Inoculated Cells","volume":"244","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadg6856","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg6856","article-title":"CCR2 Is a Host Entry Receptor for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.10.106","article-title":"Utilization of Human DC-SIGN and L-SIGN for Entry and Infection of Host Cells by the New World Arenavirus, Jun\u00edn Virus","volume":"441","author":"Martinez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz309","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz309","article-title":"Shedding and Transmission Modes of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Phlebovirus in a Ferret Model","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcam.2022.100756","article-title":"Clinical and Pathological Findings in Fatal Cases of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome With High Viremia in Cats","volume":"52","author":"Matsuu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Top. Companion Anim. Med."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Reece, W.O. (2015). The kidney and urinary system. Dukes Physiology of Domestic Animals, John Wiley & Sons Inc.. [13th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.07.024","article-title":"Probable Aerosol Transmission of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Southeastern China","volume":"21","author":"Gong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0059","article-title":"A Cluster of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Infections of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Caused by Person-to-Person Transmission","volume":"97","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.01.006","article-title":"Nosocomial Person-to-Person Transmission of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Jung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0366","article-title":"Characteristics of Three Person-to-Person Transmission Clusters of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Southeastern China","volume":"105","author":"Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, X., Hu, J., Peng, Z., Dai, Q., Liu, W., Liang, S., Li, Z., Zhang, N., and Bao, C. (2021). Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus Human-to-Human Transmission. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009037"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e24502","article-title":"A Person-to-Person Transmission Cluster of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Characterized by Mixed Viral Infections with Familial and Nosocomial Clustering","volume":"10","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"}],"container-title":["Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/14\/3\/254\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:47:26Z","timestamp":1760028446000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0817\/14\/3\/254"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["pathogens14030254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens14030254","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0817"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-0817","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]]}}}