{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:26:04Z","timestamp":1789827964576,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","award":["ANR-10-LABX-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-33"]}]},{"name":"Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris","award":["21G0807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21G0807"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","award":["ANR-10-LABX-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-33"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","award":["21G0807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21G0807"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM)","award":["ANR-10-LABX-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-33"]}]},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM)","award":["21G0807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21G0807"]}]},{"name":"French National Research Agency for the Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT)","award":["ANR-10-LABX-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-33"]}]},{"name":"French National Research Agency for the Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT)","award":["21G0807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21G0807"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPHC Utique\u201d program of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs","award":["ANR-10-LABX-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-33"]}]},{"name":"\u201cPHC Utique\u201d program of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs","award":["21G0807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21G0807"]}]},{"name":"French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation","award":["ANR-10-LABX-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-33"]}]},{"name":"French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation","award":["21G0807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21G0807"]}]},{"name":"Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research under the CMCU project","award":["ANR-10-LABX-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-33"]}]},{"name":"Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research under the CMCU project","award":["21G0807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21G0807"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) is an opportunistic pathogen involved in urinary tract infections as well as various nosocomial infections. Emerging resistances to beta-lactams in this species complicates potential treatment since it is intrinsically resistant to colistin. Eleven isolates of carbapenem-non-susceptible P. mirabilis were identified in Sousse Hospital, Tunisia, from January 2018 to December 2022. MICs were determined and isolates were sequenced to determine their resistomes, sequence types, virulence factors, and their clonal relationships. Susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were resistant to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, and the trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole combination. They remained susceptible to the aztreonam\/avibactam combination. All isolates produced NDM-1 carbapenemase and ArmA 16S rRNA methylase. In addition, one isolate co-produced the blaVEB-6 gene. All isolates belonged to ST135, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were closely related. This study described the first outbreak of NDM-1-producing P. mirabilis in Tunisia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14030298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T07:59:54Z","timestamp":1742457594000},"page":"298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clonal Dissemination of NDM-Producing Proteus mirabilis in a Teaching Hospital in Sousse, Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6141-423X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadia","family":"Jaidane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology (LR12ES02), Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital of Sahloul, Sousse 4002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Team \u2018Resist\u2019, UMR1184 \u2018Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB)\u2019, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lamia","family":"Tilouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Metabolic Biophysics and Applied Pharmacology (LR12ES02), Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital of Sahloul, Sousse 4002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saoussen","family":"Oueslati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u2018Resist\u2019, UMR1184 \u2018Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases 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Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aymeric","family":"Jacquemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u2018Resist\u2019, UMR1184 \u2018Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB)\u2019, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6596-7384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurent","family":"Dortet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team \u2018Resist\u2019, UMR1184 \u2018Immunology of Viral, Auto-Immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB)\u2019, INSERM, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, CEA, LabEx LERMIT, Faculty of Medicine, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"},{"name":"Department of Bacteriology-Hygiene, Bic\u00eatre Hospital, APHP Paris-Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bic\u00eatre, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walid","family":"Naija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University Hospital Sahloul, Sousse 4002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelhalim","family":"Trabelsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital of Sahloul, Sousse 4002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9937-9572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Naas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team 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France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2005.06.009","article-title":"Resistance to Antibiotics: Are We in the Post-Antibiotic Era?","volume":"36","author":"Alanis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. 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