{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T15:38:03Z","timestamp":1788536283077,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development\u2019s special purpose subsidy, entitled \u2018Wild animals as reservoirs of infectious and invasive pathogens dangerous to human and livestock health,\u2019","award":["D\u017bW.zlf.070.6.2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D\u017bW.zlf.070.6.2024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the emergence of serotype BTV-3, another bluetongue virus, in fall 2023, this variant has been causing great losses in livestock farming in Europe. The virus spreads faster than the epidemic BTV-8, which appeared on the continent nine years earlier. This study describes the first case of BTV-3 in Poland detected in a European bison (Bison bonasus) in Poland\u2019s Wolin National Park, approximately 15 km from the German\u2013Polish border. The animal suffered from a severe and fatal hemorrhagic disease. The symptoms included respiratory problems, bloody diarrhea, and rapidly progressive cachexia. In addition to the virus\u2019s confirmation as BTV-3 and the presence of the infecting agent in the blood and spleen of the animal, the virus was also detected in one pool of blood-fed Culicoides punctatus caught near the bison enclosure two weeks after the death of the bison. This is the first detection of BTV-3 in C. punctatus, which suggests vector competency for this serotype. Phylogenetic analysis based on segment 2 of the virus revealed the homology of the Polish isolate to the BTV-3 strains circulating in the Netherlands, Germany, and Portugal, and slightly lower similarity to the BTV-3 strains detected in sheep in Sardinia (Italy) in 2018 and in Tunisia in November 2016. A retrospective serosurvey of the exposure to BTV in thirteen other European bison populations distributed over the country indicated that the observed case at the Wolin National Park was the first BTV-3 to be detected in Poland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14040377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1744611516000},"page":"377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["First Detection of Bluetongue Virus Type 3 in Poland in 2024\u2014A Case Study in European Bison (Bison bonasus)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2069-3011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Larska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Viral Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5781-115X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Or\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Viral Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9875-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"\u0141opuszy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, G\u0142\u0119boka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Skurka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Viral Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Nowakowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Viral Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Tr\u0119bas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Viral Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142 K.","family":"Krzysiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, G\u0142\u0119boka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0615-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jerzy","family":"Rola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Viral Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5957-846X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Smreczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Viral Animal Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzant\u00f3w 57, 24-100 Pu\u0142awy, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"The history of bluetongue and a current global overview","volume":"40","author":"Walton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. 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