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NTM can manipulate these cell death pathways to evade host immune responses, ensuring their intracellular survival and persistence. Apoptosis may aid in antigen presentation and immune activation, while necrosis and pyroptosis trigger excessive inflammation, leading to tissue damage. Autophagy, a crucial cellular defense mechanism, is often induced in response to NTM infection; however, M. abscessus has evolved mechanisms to inhibit autophagic processes, enhancing its ability to survive within host cells. This manipulation of cell death pathways, particularly the dysregulation of autophagy and ferroptosis, contributes to chronic infection, immune evasion, and tissue damage, complicating disease management. Understanding these mechanisms offers potential therapeutic targets for improving treatment strategies against M. abscessus infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14040391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T10:04:56Z","timestamp":1744797896000},"page":"391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cell Death Mechanisms in Mycobacterium abscessus Infection: A Double-Edged Sword"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1294-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhana Berto da Silva","family":"Prata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8471-4227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta Olmo","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.10.003","article-title":"Environmental Sources of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria","volume":"36","author":"Falkinham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. 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