{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T23:39:00Z","timestamp":1791848340428,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"SDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) National Program 212: Soil and Air, and National Program 108 Food Safety"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacteriological control strains with known characteristics ensure consistency and reproducibility of assay performance across different laboratories and are an important cornerstone of quality control in the microbiology laboratory. Ideally, control strains should be representative of the assay target and be widely available from reputable sources. However, for work involving antibiotic resistance most controls come from human and veterinary clinical sources and are not optimized for work in agriculturally impacted environments or not widely available. The objective of this work was to identify and make widely available two E. coli isolates sourced from agricultural production settings that could be used as external controls supporting method development, research and environmental monitoring for extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing (ESBL) and tetracycline resistant Escherichia coli. Previously collected E. coli suspects were screened based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing data, then confirmed as E. coli and characterized both phenotypically and genotypically. The positive control strain, ARS-C301 was ESBL positive and contained the CTX-M-55 and tet(A) genes, and the negative control strain, ARS-C101 was negative for both targets. Here we introduce two agriculturally sourced, fully characterized, and genetically sequenced control strains for use as laboratory controls in research involving extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing (ESBL) and tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the environment, available via publicly accessible culture collections, and commercially as a quantitative pellet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14050417","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T08:02:57Z","timestamp":1745568177000},"page":"417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Agriculturally Sourced Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli for Use as Control Strains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9039-5434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James E.","family":"Wells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Meat Safety and Quality, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Durso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Agroecoystem Management Research, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3352-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abasiofiok M.","family":"Ibekwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, Riverside, CA 92507, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8500-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan G.","family":"Frye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety and Processing Research Unit, Athens, GA 30605, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8585-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manan","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2554-5061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clinton F.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA ARS U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Water Management and Conservation Research Unit, Maricopa, AZ 85377, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md","family":"Shamimuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Agroecoystem Management Research, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00649-x","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance in the environment","volume":"20","author":"Larsson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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