{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:43:23Z","timestamp":1791852203013,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K27068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K27068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K27063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K27063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23KJ0067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23KJ0067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowships for Young Scientists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K27068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K27068"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowships for Young Scientists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K27063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K27063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowships for Young Scientists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23KJ0067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23KJ0067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Marek\u2019s disease virus (MDV) causes Marek\u2019s disease (MD) in chickens, characterized by malignant lymphomas and immunosuppression. Sporadic MD outbreaks continue to occur even among vaccinated flocks in certain regions due to the increased virulence of the field strains. However, the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and immunosuppression caused by MDV remain to be fully elucidated. We previously reported that the mRNA expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), an immune checkpoint molecule, was increased in tumor lesions caused by MDV, and its expression was positively correlated with the mRNA expression of Meq, an MDV-specific oncogene. In this study, we characterized PD-1-expressing T-cell subsets in the spleen and tissues of chickens that developed tumors to investigate the association between PD-1 expression and immunosuppression. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the proportion of PD-1-expressing CD4+ T-cells, which are targets of MDV tumorigenesis, increased in the spleen and tumor tissues of chickens with MD. The proportion of PD-1+ CD4+ T-cells was higher in Meq-expressing cells than in those that were not. In the spleens of chickens with MD, the proportions of PD-1-expressing cells were increased in CD8+ and \u03b3\u03b4 T-cells, which play pivotal roles in defense against MD pathogenesis, relative to those of spleens from uninfected chickens. Moreover, the proportion of PD-1+ CD8+ T-cells expressing interferon (IFN)-\u03b3 did not increase in the spleen of chickens with MD. Additionally, no difference in the proportion of IFN-\u03b3+ \u03b3\u03b4 T-cells expressing and not expressing PD-1 was observed in the spleens of chickens with MD, although the proportion of IFN-\u03b3+ \u03b3\u03b4 T-cells expressing PD-1 in the spleens of uninfected chickens was higher. The function of PD-1-expressing CD8+ and \u03b3\u03b4 T-cells in chickens may be impaired after developing MD, which may cause MDV-induced immunosuppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14050431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T07:49:36Z","timestamp":1745912976000},"page":"431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Programmed Cell Death-1 Expression in T-Cell Subsets in Chickens Infected with Marek\u2019s Disease Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jumpei","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinosuke","family":"Motai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Yamagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shwe Yee","family":"Win","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiya","family":"Horio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Saeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoya","family":"Maekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1391-9732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Okagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Konnai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan"},{"name":"Veterinary Research Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7513-640X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Ohashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"},{"name":"Veterinary Research Unit, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan"},{"name":"International Affairs Office, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2569-899X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiro","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, 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