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In this study, we describe four new species of Tereancistrum parasitizing the gills of Prochilodus brevis (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) from a weir in the state of Cear\u00e1, Brazil. Tereancistrum spiralocirrum n. sp. and Tereancistrum scleritelongatum n. sp. are characterized by a dextro-ventral vaginal pore and a Y-shaped dorsal bar. Notably, Tereancistrum spiralocirrum n. sp. is the first species in the genus to possess a male copulatory organ (MCO) with multiple rings (16 to 18). In contrast, Tereancistrum ancistrum n. sp. and Tereancistrum kritskyi n. sp. are distinguished by a sinistral vaginal pore, a sclerotized MCO in the form of a coiled tube with slightly more than one clockwise ring, and an accessory piece that is non-articulated with the base of the MCO. However, Tereancistrum ancistrum n. sp. is unique in lacking a dorsal bar. Sequences of the LSU rDNA obtained from seven species of Tereancistrum parasitizing P. brevis and Leporinus piau, along with published sequences of other Dactylogyridae members, were included in the molecular analyses. Phylogenetic reconstructions supported the monophyly of Tereancistrum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14050467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T10:58:07Z","timestamp":1747047487000},"page":"467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Integrative Taxonomy of Tereancistrum spp. (Monopisthocotyla: Dactylogyridae) Parasites of the Gills of Freshwater Fishes from the Caatinga Domain, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0072-3922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscilla de Oliveira Fadel","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Diversidade Tropical (PPGBio), Universidade Federal do Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP), Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Diversidade Biol\u00f3gica e Recursos Naturais (PPGDR), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5313-6126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wallas Benevides Barbosa","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Diversidade Biol\u00f3gica e Recursos Naturais (PPGDR), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8200-6411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana Bertholdi","family":"Ebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Diversidade Biol\u00f3gica e Recursos Naturais (PPGDR), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8171-2912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Fernanda Barros Gouveia","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Diversidade Biol\u00f3gica e Recursos Naturais (PPGDR), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8376-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos","family":"Tavares-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Diversidade Tropical (PPGBio), Universidade Federal do Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP), Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"},{"name":"Embrapa Amap\u00e1, Macap\u00e1 68903-419, AP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3426-6873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinaldo Jos\u00e9","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Bioci\u00eancias, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestat\u00edstica, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3317-8799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio Hideki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Diversidade Biol\u00f3gica e Recursos Naturais (PPGDR), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Froese, R., Pauly, D., and FishBase (2025, February 02). 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