{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T22:46:37Z","timestamp":1778798797466,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prior research has reported an association between human papillomavirus (HPV) seropositivity and dementia or Alzheimer\u2019s disease. This study aimed to cross-sectionally investigate the association between HPV seropositivity and cognitive function in older adults. The data used for this study were from the 2011\u20132014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles. To account for the complex survey design and missing data, we applied survey-weighted regression models to each imputed dataset, using multiple imputation techniques. Across all cognitive test outcomes, no statistically significant association was observed between HPV status and cognitive performance after controlling for covariates. These findings suggest that there may not be a significant association between HPV infection and cognitive scores in this NHANES sample. Stakeholders, including policymakers and healthcare providers, should consider these findings in their professional decision-making. Future research should investigate the association between HPV seropositivity and cognition using other samples in order to further characterize the association between HPV and cognitive function in older adults.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14050508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T06:31:27Z","timestamp":1747809087000},"page":"508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Human Papillomavirus Positivity and Cognitive Function in Older U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8092-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Farrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Idaho WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7288-9804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Idaho WWAMI Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., Moscow, ID 83844, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2621-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brinley N.","family":"Zabriskie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Data Analytics and Information Systems, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morgan","family":"Chase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6581-6375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris H.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8989-0964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn D.","family":"Gale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawson W.","family":"Hedges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.12.029","article-title":"Virus Exposure and Neurodegenerative Disease Risk Across National Biobanks","volume":"111","author":"Levine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warren-Gash, C., Forbes, H.J., Williamson, E., Breuer, J., Hayward, A.C., Mavrodaris, A., Ridha, B.H., Rossor, M.N., Thomas, S.L., and Smeeth, L. 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