{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:35:58Z","timestamp":1762432558106,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CVU","award":["664711","CF-2023-I-565","CIC-UMSNH","PICIR-021","PICIR 22-021-C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["664711","CF-2023-I-565","CIC-UMSNH","PICIR-021","PICIR 22-021-C"]}]},{"name":"Frontier Sciences Project","award":["664711","CF-2023-I-565","CIC-UMSNH","PICIR-021","PICIR 22-021-C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["664711","CF-2023-I-565","CIC-UMSNH","PICIR-021","PICIR 22-021-C"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Science, Technology, and Innovation of the State of Michoac\u00e1n","award":["664711","CF-2023-I-565","CIC-UMSNH","PICIR-021","PICIR 22-021-C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["664711","CF-2023-I-565","CIC-UMSNH","PICIR-021","PICIR 22-021-C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis remains a significant health issue in Mexico, which has one of the highest incidence rates in the Americas. This study aimed to analyze the circulating sublineages, spoligotypes, drug resistance, and transmission patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mexico\u2019s Central Western region using whole-genome sequencing. Seventy-seven Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains underwent phenotypic drug susceptibility testing via MGIT. Genotypic resistance was assessed with TB-Profiler and Mykrobe, while phylogenetic relationships were reconstructed using Snippy and RaxML. SpoTyping identified circulating SITs and families, with a 5-SNP threshold defining genomic transmission clusters. The predominant sublineages were 4.1.1.3 (X-type, n = 19) and 4.1.2.1 (LAM, n = 11), with rare sublineages (EAI5, EAI2-Manila, and Beijing) also observed. Resistance to at least one first-line drug was found in 63.3% of strains, with streptomycin mono-resistance (24.5%) being notable. Multidrug-resistant TB was identified in 16.3% (n = 8) of strains. Five genomic clusters, involving 18.7% of strains, were identified. This study highlights the sublineage diversity in Mexico, emphasizing its importance in global databases and resistance research. The findings, such as SIT47 in GC1, underscore the value of localized genomic studies for effective TB control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14060548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T11:40:32Z","timestamp":1748864432000},"page":"548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated from a Central Western Region of Mexico"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0380-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Monserrat","family":"Negrete-Paz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Biol\u00f3gicas \u201cDr. Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Morelia C.P. 58020, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4683-699X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Marrufo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Tar\u00edmbaro C.P. 58893, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Carlos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social-IMSS, Zacatecas C.P. 98000, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Rivas-Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social-IMSS, Zacatecas C.P. 98000, Zacatecas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ma. Soledad","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Garcidue\u00f1as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Biol\u00f3gicas \u201cDr. Ignacio Ch\u00e1vez\u201d, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicol\u00e1s de Hidalgo, Morelia C.P. 58020, Michoac\u00e1n, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00154-3","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission: The importance of precision","volume":"24","author":"Dinkele","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (2024, January 15). Global Tuberculosis Report. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2024."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"PAHO (2024, January 15). 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