{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:18:42Z","timestamp":1786375122090,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Irrigation water can serve as a reservoir and transmission route for pathogenic Escherichia coli, posing a threat to food safety and public health. This study builds upon a previous survey conducted in Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico), where 445 samples were collected from a local Honeydew melon farm and associated packing facilities. Among the 32 E. coli strains recovered, two strains, A34 and A51, were isolated from irrigation water and selected for further molecular characterization by PCR, due to their high pathogenic potential. Both strains were identified as hybrid aEPEC\/STEC pathotypes carrying bfpA and stx1 virulence genes. Adhesion assays in HeLa cells revealed aggregative and diffuse patterns, suggesting enhanced colonization capacity. Phylogenetic analysis classified A34 within group B2 as associated with extraintestinal pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance, while A51 was unassigned to any known phylogroup. Serotyping revealed somatic antigens shared with Shigella boydii 16, suggesting possible horizontal gene transfer or antigenic convergence. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed resistance to multiple \u03b2-lactam antibiotics, including cephalosporins, linked to the presence of blaCTX-M-151 and blaCTX-M-9. Although no plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were detected, resistance may involve efflux pumps or mutations in gyrA and parC. These findings are consistent with previous reports of E. coli adaptability in agricultural environments, suggesting potential genetic adaptability. While our data support the presence of virulence and resistance markers, further studies would be required to demonstrate mechanisms such as horizontal gene transfer or adaptive evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14060549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T11:40:32Z","timestamp":1748864432000},"page":"549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance of aEPEC\/STEC Escherichia coli Pathotypes with Serotype Links to Shigella boydii 16 Isolated from Irrigation Water"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9285-9896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yessica","family":"Enciso-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca 83621, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7864-1292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin","family":"Barrios-Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca 83621, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel G.","family":"Ballesteros-Monrreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca 83621, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6693-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Navarro-Oca\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Salud P\u00fablica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3275-5243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dora","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Qu\u00edmico-Biol\u00f3gicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Caborca 83621, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7452-286X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2667-5455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Mart\u00ednez-T\u00e9llez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo 83304, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juli\u00e1n Javier","family":"Palomares-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Alimentaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazar\u00e1n Rosas 46, Col. 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