{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T21:20:01Z","timestamp":1778707201913,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,8]],"date-time":"2025-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), a lentivirus marked by considerable genetic variability, poses significant diagnostic challenges. Existing diagnostic tools encompass the Agar Gel Immunodiffusion Assay (AGID), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting (WB). ELISA and AGID mainly utilize the p26 capsid protein, often sourced from the Wyoming reference strain. To broaden the range of viral proteins and strains employed in these immunoassays, we previously developed a novel p26\/double-strain gp45 indirect ELISA. In this study, we evaluated the performance of this ELISA in comparison to two commercial EIAV ELISAs using Cohen\u2019s Kappa test and Bayesian Latent Class Analysis (BLCA), a statistical method that estimates test performance without requiring a perfect reference standard. A comparison with the official classification of the sera by the Italian Veterinary Service was also performed. A total of 372 serum samples, including 96 that were positives by all three tests, were analyzed. Results from both Cohen\u2019s Kappa test and BLCA, alongside comparison with official classifications, affirm the diagnostic reliability of the two commercial ELISAs and suggest that the novel ELISA, with its enhanced antigenic diversity, could offer an accurate and reliable diagnostic option for EIAV. This novel assay enhances existing commercial ELISAs and has the potential to strengthen routine diagnostic workflows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14060575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T06:46:01Z","timestamp":1749451561000},"page":"575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of a Multistrain Indirect ELISA Targeting Anti- p26 and gp45 Antibodies for EIAV Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5970-5097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Ostuni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell\u2019 Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9421-796X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Frontoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Antonietta","family":"Crudele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell\u2019 Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4513-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorella","family":"Barca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute, 2, 80055 Portici, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5537-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Amati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell\u2019 Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5092-8374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Boni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell\u2019 Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jolanda","family":"De Vendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OneHEco APS, 84047 Capaccio Paestum, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Raimondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OneHEco APS, 84047 Capaccio Paestum, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Bavoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell\u2019 Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2004020","article-title":"Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV): What has HIV\u2019s country cousin got to tell us?","volume":"35","author":"Leroux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. 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