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This study investigated the occurrence and genetic diversity of piroplasmids in wild mammals, unconventional pets, and associated ticks in Goi\u00e1s state, midwestern Brazil. Between April 2023 and January 2024, 105 blood samples, 22 tissue samples, and 300 ticks were collected from 21 mammalian species housed in wildlife screening centers, zoos, and veterinary clinics. Molecular screening targeting the 18S rRNA gene of piroplasmids detected a 25.7% (27\/105) overall positivity, with gray brockets (Subulo gouazoubira) and South American tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) showing the highest infection rates. Three tick samples tested positive, including two Amblyomma sculptum nymphs and a male of Amblyomma dubitatum collected from a tapir and capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Cytauxzoon brasiliensis was reported, for the first time, in cougars (Puma concolor) from Goi\u00e1s state, midwestern Brazil, indicating the role of this feline as a host of this parasite. Babesia goianiaensis was confirmed in a capybara, and Theileria terrestris in tapirs. Phylogenetic analyses clustered gray brockets-associated Theileria sequences with Theileria sp. previously detected in Neotropical deer from Brazil and Theileria\u00a0cervi. While the phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit III separated Theileria genotypes detected in S. gouazoubira from T. cervi, hsp70-based phylogenetic inferences clustered the genotypes detected in Tapirus terrestris with Theileria terrestris, suggesting host-specific evolutionary lineages. These findings contribute to the understanding of Piroplasmida diversity and circulation in South American wild mammals, emphasizing the need for enhanced molecular surveillance to elucidate transmission dynamics, assess potential health risks, and contribute to the establishment of wildlife conservation and One Health strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14060585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T11:47:07Z","timestamp":1749728827000},"page":"585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Survey of Piroplasmids in Wild Mammals, Unconventional Pets, and Ticks from Goi\u00e1s State, Midwestern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7944-5122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphaela Bueno Mendes","family":"Bittencourt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74605-220, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Calchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Bioagents Laboratory (VBBL), Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucianne Cardoso","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74605-220, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5407-7140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas Jalowitzki","family":"de Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74605-220, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8206-0549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel C\u00e2ndido","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74605-220, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3810-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ennya Rafaella Neves","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74605-220, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8141-4616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warley Vieira de Freitas","family":"Paula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74605-220, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana Batalha de Miranda","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74605-220, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2971-8441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica Rocha","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Science School, Federal University of Goi\u00e1s, Goi\u00e2nia 74605-220, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elis\u00e2ngela de Albuquerque","family":"Sobreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Secretariat of the Municipality of An\u00e1polis (SMA), An\u00e1polis 75113-180, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1082-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Alfredo Martins Lopes","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), Wild Animal Screening Center of Goi\u00e1s (CETAS-GO), Goi\u00e2nia 74605-090, GO, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8200-6427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hermes Ribeiro","family":"Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-Graduation Program in Health and Environment, Biodiversity and Conservation and Northeast Biotechnology Network (RenorBio), Federal University of Maranh\u00e3o, S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds 65085-580, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1713-5222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos 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