{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T22:40:21Z","timestamp":1784932821222,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Association pour la recherche en infectiologie","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"]}]},{"name":"Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire (IHU) M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"]}]},{"name":"National Research Agency under the program \u201cInvestissements d\u2019avenir\u201d","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"]}]},{"name":"Region Sud and European funding FEDER PRIMI","award":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-IAHU-03"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cryptosporidiosis is a gastrointestinal disease affecting terrestrial and aquatic vertebrates worldwide. This study investigated molecularly and microscopically the prevalence and the diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in goats across the Bouira communes, Algeria. A total of 559 fecal samples were collected from 70 farms, representing 16.6% of the regional goat population. Samples were analyzed using microscopy (modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining) and molecular methods (i.e., qPCR and nested PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene, followed by sequencing). Microscopy detected Cryptosporidium in 6.1% of samples, while qPCR revealed a significantly higher prevalence of 13.6% (p &lt; 0.00001), confirming the superior sensitivity of molecular diagnostics. Spatial analysis identified significant clustering (Moran\u2019s I = 0.330, p = 0.0003), with communes-level prevalence ranging from 6.7% to 45.7%. Infection rates correlated positively with humidity and rainfall but negatively with temperature. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed Cryptosporidium xiaoi as the sole species circulating, showing 100% genetic similarity to global caprine isolates. Despite C. xiaoi\u2019s host adaptation, a GenBank review highlighted six other zoonotic species infecting goats worldwide, underscoring potential cross-species transmission risks. The study emphasizes the need for PCR-based surveillance to assess true prevalence and zoonotic threats, while climatic findings support targeted interventions in high-risk areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14060597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T07:38:15Z","timestamp":1750232295000},"page":"597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular and Epidemiological Investigation of Cryptosporidium Infection in Goat Population from Bouira Province, Algeria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Samia","family":"Bedjaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR D257 RITMES (Aix-Marseille University, Public Assistance-Marseille Hospitals, French Military Health Service), 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"University Hospital Institute Mediterranean Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Food Hygiene, Food Safety and Quality Assurance Laboratory (HASAQ), National Veterinary Higher School, Algiers 16000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djamel","family":"Baroudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Hygiene, Food Safety and Quality Assurance Laboratory (HASAQ), National Veterinary Higher School, Algiers 16000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4043-0876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karim Tarik","family":"Adjou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR BIPAR (Anses, INRAE, Alfort National Veterinary School), 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7836-6809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Davoust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR D257 RITMES (Aix-Marseille University, Public Assistance-Marseille Hospitals, French Military Health Service), 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"University Hospital Institute Mediterranean Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8819-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Younes","family":"Laidoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR D257 RITMES (Aix-Marseille University, Public Assistance-Marseille Hospitals, French Military Health Service), 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"University Hospital Institute Mediterranean Infection, 13005 Marseille, France"},{"name":"PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, El Khroub 25100, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Fayer, R., Speer, C.A., and Dubey, J.P. 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