{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T20:15:05Z","timestamp":1773519305851,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2155222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2155222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20240348ER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240348ER"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20250759ECR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250759ECR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research Program and the USDA Long-Term Agroecosystem Research Network","award":["2155222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2155222"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research Program and the USDA Long-Term Agroecosystem Research Network","award":["20240348ER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240348ER"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation Long-Term Ecological Research Program and the USDA Long-Term Agroecosystem Research Network","award":["20250759ECR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250759ECR"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008902","name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2155222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2155222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008902","name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20240348ER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240348ER"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008902","name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20250759ECR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20250759ECR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever), caused by Coccidioides spp., is a fungal infection endemic to semi-arid regions of the Americas. Despite 80 years of disease recognition in New Mexico, there is limited disease awareness. We incorporated clinical, epidemiological, and ecological datasets to summarize the knowledge of Valley fever in New Mexico. We analyzed 1541 human cases from 2006 to 2023. On average, 86 cases were reported each year (4.1 cases per 100,000 population per year). The highest levels of incidence were in southwestern New Mexico. American Indian or Alaska Natives in New Mexico had a 1.9 times higher incidence rate of coccidioidomycosis than White people, and among age groups, older populations in New Mexico had the highest incidence rates. We analyzed 300 soil samples near Las Cruces, New Mexico, for the presence of Coccidioides and reported the first known positive soil samples collected from the state, the majority of which were from grassland-dominated sites and from animal burrows. Sequence analyses in clinical specimens, wild animals, and soil samples confirmed that Coccidioides posadasii is the main causative species of coccidioidomycosis in New Mexico. Environmental surveillance validated that locally acquired infections could occur in, but are not limited to, Catron, Do\u00f1a Ana, Sierra, and Socorro Counties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14060607","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T09:57:48Z","timestamp":1750327068000},"page":"607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Epidemiology of Coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever) and the Disease Ecology of Coccidioides spp. in New Mexico (2006\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6168-5723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paris S.","family":"Salazar-Hamm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Shrum Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"},{"name":"Infectious Disease Bureau, New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA"},{"name":"Emerging Infections Program, Office for Community Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jovani","family":"Catal\u00e1n-Dibene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0287-3043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana L.","family":"Romero-Olivares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Edge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Bureau, New Mexico Department of Health, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1254-4481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Bartlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomics and Bioanalytics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0891-6534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald O.","family":"Natvig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3949-4274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgan E.","family":"Gorris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems and Modeling, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1086\/513202","article-title":"The Early History of Coccidioidomycosis: 1892-1945","volume":"44","author":"Hirschmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. 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