{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:29:22Z","timestamp":1790630962091,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFB3204404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3204404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2600300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2600300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22276044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22276044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52370006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52370006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFB3204404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB3204404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2600300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2600300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22276044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22276044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52370006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52370006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), a major etiological agent of hand-foot-mouth disease, can cause severe neurological complications. However, the mechanisms underlying EV-A71-induced cell damage and potential therapeutic strategies remain inadequately understood. Here, we investigated EV-A71 replication dynamics and associated cytopathic effects in nine distinct cell lines, including epithelial, neuronal, immune, and other cell types. Cell viability, membrane integrity, and energy metabolism were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assays. The antiviral activity of rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural polyphenol, was evaluated by plaque reduction, qPCR, and Western blot. EV-A71 exhibited cell-type-specific replication and cytotoxicity patterns. RA significantly preserved cell viability, reduced LDH release, maintained ATP levels, and suppressed IL-6 expression. Mechanistically, RA inhibited viral replication by downregulating VP1 expression and viral RNA levels. Molecular docking indicated strong binding of RA to the hydrophobic pocket of VP1, potentially disrupting virus-host interactions. Collectively, these findings highlight RA\u2019s combined antiviral and cytoprotective potential, supporting its candidacy as a therapeutic agent against EV-A71 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14070622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]],"date-time":"2025-06-23T09:08:44Z","timestamp":1750669724000},"page":"622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Combined Antiviral and Cytoprotective Action of Rosmarinic Acid Against EV-A71 Infection: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2087-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junping","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weishi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Tie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention of PLA, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuehua","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 Yabao Road, Beijing 100020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongran","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Minzu University of China, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70209-X","article-title":"Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71","volume":"9","author":"Ooi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, L., Chen, J., Fang, T., Ma, R., Wang, J., Pan, X., Dong, H., and Xu, G. 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