{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T10:38:32Z","timestamp":1783420712286,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pathogens"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In 2022, 20 million women globally were living with HIV, yet they remain underrepresented in clinical trials, including those for antiretroviral treatments (ART). This study assesses the safety and efficacy of the long-acting cabotegravir-rilpivirine (CAB-RPV) regimen in a cohort of 54 women living with HIV (WLWH) over 24 weeks. A retrospective cohort study from the Sardinian HIV Network and Sicilian HIV Cohort (SHiNe-SHiC) included WLWH who switched to CAB-RPV. Primary objectives were achieving and maintaining HIV RNA levels &lt;50 copies\/mL at 24 weeks. Secondary objectives included treatment safety, durability, and reasons for discontinuation. Data on demographics, viro-immunological markers, lipid profiles, and treatment interruptions were analyzed. Of 54 WLWH, 46 reached 24 weeks. The median age was 50 years. A total of 71.8% transitioned from dolutegravir (DTG) regimens. Virological suppression was 97.8% at baseline and 95.5% at 24 weeks. Significant increases in the CD4\/CD8 ratio (p = 0.0076) and decreases in serum creatinine levels (p = 0.0109) were observed. Cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, and AST levels remained unchanged. The CAB-RPV regimen demonstrated significant virological and immunological efficacy and safety in women living with HIV over 24 weeks. Notably, the improvement in the CD4\/CD8 ratio and the increase in the percentage of women achieving target not detected (TND) status highlight the regimen\u2019s effectiveness. These findings emphasize the importance of gender-focused research in HIV treatment and the need for equitable access to effective treatment options for women, which is crucial for global efforts to eliminate HIV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14070633","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T06:55:13Z","timestamp":1750920913000},"page":"633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["CD4\/CD8 Ratio Increase in Female Living with HIV Switching to Cabotegravir-Rilpivirine: A Real-Life 24 Weeks Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0149-2078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Spampinato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Martino\u201d University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8273-5382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuele","family":"Venanzi Rullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Martino\u201d University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9069-5823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Nicol\u00f2","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Martino\u201d University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8265-5400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"De Vito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5650-6911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Cirelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviana","family":"Coco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Mirabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8251-9380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rossella","family":"Fontana del Vecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Umberto I Hospital, 96100 ASP Siracusa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonina","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Umberto I Hospital, 96100 ASP Siracusa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Montineri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Rodolico-S. Marco\u201d University Hospital, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Frasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Rodolico-S. Marco\u201d University Hospital, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9201-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Gullotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Martino\u201d University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2452-4407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele Salvatore","family":"Patern\u00f2 Raddusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Martino\u201d University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9514-133X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ylenia","family":"Russotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Martino\u201d University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aakash","family":"Fugooah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Martino\u201d University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Pulvirenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Martino\u201d University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Sofia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, AOE \u201cCannizzaro\u201d, 95126 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"Pant\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, AOE \u201cCannizzaro\u201d, 95126 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cal\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ASP Ragusa, 97100 Ragusa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Pistar\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Martino\u201d University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nunziatina","family":"Villari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Iacobello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, AOE \u201cCannizzaro\u201d, 95126 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Cacopardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6919-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedetto Maurizio","family":"Celesia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9640-8742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni F.","family":"Pellican\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, \u201cG. Martino\u201d University Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2536-1980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco P.","family":"Antonucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6099-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giordano","family":"Madeddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4729-7548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio","family":"Lo Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8113-8452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Nunnari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, ARNAS \u201cGaribaldi Nesima\u201d Hospital, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95122 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS (2025, May 20). 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